The clinical features and treatment of fetus in fetu: Two case reports and a review of the literature

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Abstract

The case reports of two children with the condition of “fetus in fetu” are added to the 18 cases already in the literature.

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    Of the above, our case showed a distinct sac in the right adnexa with vascular attachment, skin coverage, and fairly grossly recognizable anatomic parts. Fetiform teratoma is reported more often in ovarian cystic teratomas,14 whereas FIF is reported more often in retroperitoneal fetiform masses.11 In this case, however, the pathologic examination documented the findings pathognomonic of FIF rather than teratoma in the right adnexa of this 10-year-old girl and fulfilled the proposed Spencer's criteria.

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    According to Willis definition, a fetus in fetu should have (a) separate vertebral column, which demonstrates that the fetus has passed through a primary stage after gastrulation, involving formation of the neural tube, metamerization, and symmetrical development around its axis and (b) the organs should have developed in an organized manner with some degree of maturation [6]. Occasional cases have been reported where no spinal column was found on radiography as well as on pathological examination [7]. To address these cases, Gonzalez–Crussi (1982) proposed another definition: “Fetus in fetu is applied to any structure in which the fetal form is in a very high development of organogenesis and to the presence of vertebral axis” [8].

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    Usually there is 1 fetal mass, but cases of up to 11 fetuses in fetu have been reported.130 The diagnosis is commonly made following the incidental identification of an abdominal mass in a neonate or infant.131 Advances in fetal sonography have led to increased prenatal diagnosis.120,132,133

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