A study on the blunted natural killer cell activity in severely depressed patients
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The Role of Inflammation in the Pathophysiology of Depression and Suicidal Behavior: Implications for Treatment
2023, Medical Clinics of North AmericaCitation Excerpt :For example, cytokines, such as IFN-γ38 and IL-4,40 showed decreases in protein and/or mRNA levels in blood samples of patients with MDD in some studies. However, increased IFN-α/IL-4 ratio or elevated levels of Th1 (IFN-α) and Th2 (IL-4) cytokines have also been observed.41–43 Of note, the role of Th17 cytokine (IL-17A) has gained significant attention in depression research, given its promotion of depressive behaviors in animal models,44,45 its elevation in MDD patients’ sera,38 and some promising efficacy of IL-17A blockade in psoriasis-associated depression.46
The Bidirectional Relationship of Depression and Inflammation: Double Trouble
2020, NeuronCitation Excerpt :Depressed patients also display increases in the ratio of CD4/CD8 (T helper/T cytotoxic) cells (Darko et al., 1988; Müller et al., 1989; Tondo et al., 1988), and this increased CD4/CD8 ratio is associated with an increased percentage of CD4 cells and a decreased percentage of CD8 cells. However, evidence that “depression is accompanied by immunosuppression” also exists (Asnis and Miller, 1989; Maes, 1995) and has been exemplified by findings showing decreased lymphoproliferative responses of T cells (Kronfol et al., 1983; Schleifer et al., 1984) or NK cell activity (Irwin and Gillin, 1987; Kronfol et al., 1989; Maes et al., 1992) and decreased number of T helper cells (Schleifer et al., 1989). This raises the question as to whether these apparently discordant observations are part of a single pathological pathway within the same individual (activation of the innate immune system, but reduction of the adaptive immune system) or whether they represent two independent processes that occur either in different individuals or at different stages of the disease.
Depression and suicidality: A link to premature T helper cell aging and increased Th17 cells
2020, Brain, Behavior, and ImmunityCitation Excerpt :Yet, diagnosis of MDD did explain a modest but significant additional proportion of variance. Others have previously found higher levels or no changes of memory T cells in depression (Maes et al., 1992; Seidel et al., 1996). However, previous studies were lacking matching and/or stratification of participants by age and sex.
Neuroendocrine-immune interactions: Implications for health and behavior
2009, Hormones, Brain and Behavior OnlineImmune parameters in patients with anxiety or depression during psychotherapy
2004, Journal of Affective DisordersDepression as a prognostic factor for breast cancer mortality
2003, PsychosomaticsCitation Excerpt :But low social class could not explain why the negative prognostic effect depended on stage of breast cancer and time of depression. A hypothetical biological mechanism for the negative prognostic effect could be a reduction in the number or changes of activity in neuroimmunological cells.23–29 It is difficult to explain why preoperative depression had no effect in early-stage breast cancer, when such an effect was found in late-stage breast cancer.