Rat spinotrapezius muscle preparation for microscopic observation of the terminal vascular bed☆
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Cited by (115)
Effects of pulmonary hypertension on microcirculatory hemodynamics in rat skeletal muscle
2022, Microvascular ResearchCitation Excerpt :Importantly, this model induces moderate PH, indicating that the alterations in the skeletal muscle microcirculation presented herein occur prior to and independent of distinct RV or LV failure as indicated by lack of changes in LV ejection fraction and LVEDP. Surgical exteriorization of the spinotrapezius muscle in vivo was performed as previously described which limits disruption of neural and vascular supply and induces minimal fascial disturbance to prevent muscle damage (Gray, 1973; Bailey et al., 2000; Poole et al., 1997; Kindig et al., 1999). This preparation has been performed in healthy rats in addition to heart failure, aging, and diabetes and facilitates collection of high resolution capillary structural and hemodynamic variables which are consistent across healthy control animals in previous studies and within the present investigation (Kindig et al., 1999; Padilla et al., 2006; Copp et al., 2009; Hirai et al., 2021).
Assessment of Vascular Reactivity
2018, Comprehensive Toxicology: Third EditionDrag-reducing polyethylene oxide improves microcirculation after hemorrhagic shock
2016, Journal of Surgical ResearchCitation Excerpt :To observe the microcirculation of the rats, the RBC velocity in arterioles (Va) and venules (Vv), and the diameters and blood flow of the arterioles (Fa) and venules (Fv) were recorded. The left spinotrapezius muscle was partially exteriorized using a modification of the procedure originally described by Gray [12]. A total of 48 rats were used in this study.
Simultaneous sampling of tissue oxygenation and oxygen consumption in skeletal muscle
2016, Microvascular ResearchCitation Excerpt :After experimentation, animals were euthanized with an overdose of Euthasol (150 mg/kg, pentobarbital component, intravenously; Delmarva, Midlothian, Virginia). The rat spinotrapezius muscle was exteriorized as described by Gray (Gray, 1973) with some modification to accommodate measurement of PISFO2 and VO2, on a thermostatic animal platform adapted for intravital microscopy (Golub and Pittman, 2003). A longitudinal, midline incision beginning between the shoulder blades exposed the muscle, which was then separated from underlying fascia and connective tissue by blunt dissection.
Effects of a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOC-201) and derivatives with altered oxygen affinity and viscosity on systemic and microcirculatory variables in a top-load rat model
2014, Microvascular ResearchCitation Excerpt :Arterial blood sampling was obtained using the same catheter. In vivo microcirculatory studies were made on an exteriorized spinotrapezius muscle, which was surgically prepared as previously reported (Gray, 1973). Briefly, the muscle was moistened with a phosphate-buffered salt solution throughout the surgical procedure, and bleeding was controlled with the use of a cautery unit.
Effects of non-leukocyte-reduced and leukocyte-reduced packed red blood cell transfusions on oxygenation of rat spinotrapezius muscle
2014, Microvascular ResearchCitation Excerpt :Upon completion of the experiments, the animals were euthanized with Euthasol (pentobarbital, 390 mg/ml and phenytoin 50 mg/ml). The exteriorized spinotrapezius muscle was prepared as originally described by Gray (1973) and used for measurement of interstitial PO2. The muscle was kept moist with a phosphate buffered salt solution during surgery and bleeding was managed by cauterization.
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This investigation was supported by a Senior Investigatorship of the New York Heart Association.
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Present Address: Dept. of Human Physiology, Univ. of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616.