A fission yeast B-type cyclin functioning early in the cell cycle

doi:10.1016/0092-8674(91)90147-Q

Cell

Volume 66, Issue 1, 12 July 1991, Pages 149-159

https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(91)90147-Q Get rights and content

Abstract

We have cloned a fission yeast gene, cig1⁺, encoding a 48 kd product that is most similar to cyclin B proteins. The cig1⁺ protein has a “cyclin box” ∼40% identical to B-type cyclins of other species, but lacks the “destruction box” required for proteolysis of mitotic cyclins. Deletion of cig1⁺ had no observable effect on cell viability or progression through G2 or M phase, but instead caused a marked lag in the progression from G1 to S phase. G1 constituted ∼70% of the cell cycle in cig1 deletion strains, as compared with <10% in cit1⁺ strains. Constitutive cig1⁺ overexpression was lethal, causing cessation of growth and arrest in G1. Expression of cig1⁺ failed to rescue an S. cerevisiae strain lacking CLN Start cyclins. Thus, cig1¹ identifies a new class of B-type cyclin acting in G1 or S phase that appears to be functionally distinct from all previously described cyclin proteins.

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CDK Substrate Phosphorylation and Ordering the Cell Cycle
2016, Cell
Citation Excerpt :
All of the experiments above were conducted in the simplified CDK network. In wild-type S. pombe, CDK differentially associates with Cdc13 and three other non-essential cyclins that function during G1 and S phase: Cig1, Cig2, and Puc1 (Bueno et al., 1991; Connolly and Beach, 1994; Fisher and Nurse, 1996; Martín-Castellanos et al., 2000; Mondesert et al., 1996; Obara-Ishihara and Okayama, 1994). It could be argued that CDK activity thresholds are only responsible for ordering substrate phosphorylation in cells run on the simplified system, where G1/S cyclin-CDK complexes are absent.
S phase and mitotic onset are brought about by the action of multiple different cyclin-CDK complexes. However, it has been suggested that changes in the total level of CDK kinase activity, rather than substrate specificity, drive the temporal ordering of S phase and mitosis. Here, we present a phosphoproteomics-based systems analysis of CDK substrates in fission yeast and demonstrate that the phosphorylation of different CDK substrates can be temporally ordered during the cell cycle by a single cyclin-CDK. This is achieved by rising CDK activity and the differential sensitivity of substrates to CDK activity over a wide dynamic range. This is combined with rapid phosphorylation turnover to generate clearly resolved substrate-specific activity thresholds, which in turn ensures the appropriate ordering of downstream cell-cycle events. Comparative analysis with wild-type cells expressing multiple cyclin-CDK complexes reveals how cyclin-substrate specificity works alongside activity thresholds to fine-tune the patterns of substrate phosphorylation.
pch1<sup>+</sup>, a second essential C-type cyclin gene in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
1997, Journal of Biological Chemistry
The Schizosaccharomyces pombe genepch1 ⁺ (p ombe cyclinChomology) was isolated in a two-hybrid screen for proteins that interact with Cdc2. The cyclin box region of Pch1 protein shares greatest sequence identity with mammalian andDrosophila C-type cyclins (∼33% identity). Pch1 is significantly less similar to Mcs2 (19% identity), a second member of the C-type cyclin family in S. pombe. Cdc2 co-precipitates with Pch1 in S. pombe cell lysates, although Cdc2 may not be the major catalytic partner of a Pch1 kinase in vivo. Purified Pch1-associated kinase phosphorylated myelin basic protein, histone H1, and a peptide corresponding to the carboxyl-terminal domain repeat of RNA polymerase II. The amount of pch1 mRNA does not oscillate during the cell cycle, as is the case for mRNA transcripts of other C-type cyclin genes. Δpch1 cells are inviable, therefore S. pombe has two essential genes that encode members of the C-type cyclin family,pch1 ⁺ and mcs2 ⁺. TheΔpch1 mutation causes pleiotropic morphological defects and an associated growth deficiency, but loss of Pch1 activity does not result in a cdc cell cycle-arrest phenotype.
GAK: A cyclin G associated kinase contains a tensin/auxilin-like domain
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We have cloned a cDNA encoding a novel association partner of cyclin G by West-Western blotting. The cDNA encodes a protein that harbors a Ser/Thr protein kinase-like catalytic domain at the N-terminal. Hence, we named it GAK (cyclin $G$ - $a$ ssociated $k$ inase). The long C-terminal extension shares homology with tensin and auxilin, and contains a leucine zipper region. Co-immunoprecipitation and Western blotting showed that GAK and cyclin G associate together in vivo. GAK also co-precipitated with CDK5, and CDK5 was found to be associated with cyclin G. We also showed by BIAcore analysis that the GAK-cyclin G interaction was direct.
rum1: A CDK inhibitor regulating G1 progression in fission yeast
1996, Trends in Cell Biology
In all eukaryotes, entry into mitosis from G2 phase is initiated by a complex of the cdc2 kinase and a B-type cyclin. It has now been shown that, in fission yeast, B-type cyclins also activate cdc2 in G1, thus governing cell-cycle commitment, as well as the onset of S phase. In this article, Karim Labib and Sergio Moreno review the evidence that ruml inhibits the kinase activity of cdc2 associated with B-type cyclins and is an important regulator o f G1 progression in fission yeast.
Cyclin B (p56(cdc13)) localization in the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe: An ultrastructural and immunocytochemical study
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The eucaryote cell cycle is driven by a set of cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) associated to cyclins, which confer not only the activity but also the substrate specificity and the proper localization of the kinase activity. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, only one cyclin, the product of the cdc13 gene (p56^cdc13), is required to be associated with p34^cdc2, to control the complete cell cycle. Earlier studies have localized this complex mainly in the nucleus and its periphery. Using new improved electron microscopy (EM) technologies, based on high pressure freezing fixation, we refined previous studies, evidencing cytoplasmic localization of p56^cdc13, in addition to the nuclear localization previously observed. Further immunofluorescence studies, performed on aldehydically fixed cells, confirmed our EM results, emphasizing the major cytoplasmic localization of p56^cdc13 in interphase cells and the relocalization towards the nucleus in mitotic cells, suggesting that the S pombe cyclin B localization is cell cycle-regulated.
A quantitative model for cyclin-dependent kinase control of the cell cycle: Revisited
2011, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

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^★: Present address: Department of Biochemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5001.

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ArticleA fission yeast B-type cyclin functioning early in the cell cycle

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Involvement of cdc13+ in mitotic control in Schizosaccharomyces pombe: possible interaction of the gene product with microtubules

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Cell cycle arrest caused by CLN gene deficiency in Saccharomyces cerevisiae resembles START-arrest and is independent of the mating-pheromone signalling pathway

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Article
A fission yeast B-type cyclin functioning early in the cell cycle

Involvement of cdc13⁺ in mitotic control in Schizosaccharomyces pombe: possible interaction of the gene product with microtubules