Differentiation of Trypanosoma brucei bloodstream trypomastigotes from long slender to short stumpy-like forms in axenic culture
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Cited by (69)
Protocol to analyze the transmigration efficiency of T. brucei using an in vitro model of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier
2022, STAR ProtocolsCitation Excerpt :Always keep cell density between 1e5 / mL and 1e6 / mL. Do NOT use trypanosomes if cell density was higher than 1e6 / mL, as the parasites might have differentiated into a cell-cycle arrested “short stumpy” form (Hamm et al., 1990). Incubate diluted cells at 37°C in a water-saturated atmosphere and 5% (v/v) CO2.
Transmigration of Trypanosoma brucei across an in vitro blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier
2022, iScienceCitation Excerpt :To prevent the host’s premature death from uncontrolled parasitic growth, the parasite secretes a stumpy induction factor (SIF) which induces differentiation of proliferating slender parasites into the cell cycle arrested “short stumpy” form (Hamm et al., 1990; Reuner et al., 1997; Rojas et al., 2019; Seed and Black, 1997). On the one hand, this can be interpreted as an altruistic cell density control, since stumpy trypanosomes secrete prostaglandin D2, an autocrine inductor of apoptosis in the stumpy parasite itself (Duszenko et al., 2006; Hamm et al., 1990). On the other hand, the stumpy form is preadapted to change hosts, as it will transform into procyclic trypanosomes as described above.
Trypanosoma brucei aquaglyceroporins mediate the transport of metabolic end-products: Methylglyoxal, D-lactate, L-lactate and acetate
2018, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - BiomembranesCitation Excerpt :p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001 was considered as statistically significant and were represented with one, two or three asterisks, respectively. Trypanosoma brucei bloodstream forms were cultivated in a modified minimum essential medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and incubated at 37 °C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere [24]. For the IC50 cytotoxicity assay, the concentration necessary to inhibit cell growth by 50% was calculated.
The lane to the brain: How African trypanosomes invade the CNS
2014, Trends in ParasitologyThe Trypanosoma brucei zinc finger protein ZC3H18 is involved in differentiation
2011, Molecular and Biochemical ParasitologyCitation Excerpt :The trypanosome life cycle involves proliferative as well as cell-cycle-arrested stages in both hosts [8]. Upon attaining a threshold cell density, the long slender bloodstream form (the form that grows in the mammalian blood and tissue fluids) is subject to a quorum-sensing-like mechanism, which results in cell cycle arrest and formation of stumpy forms [9,10]. These are pre-adapted to differentiation into the procyclic form, which multiplies in the Tsetse fly midgut.