Zymomonas mobilis CP4: a clarification of strains via plasmid profiles

doi:10.1016/0168-1656(88)90016-8

Journal of Biotechnology

Volume 9, Issue 1, December 1988, Pages 71-79

https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1656(88)90016-8 Get rights and content

Abstract

There has been confusion regarding the nomenclature of cultures of Zymomonas mobilis CP4 (Gonçalves de Lima et al., 1970). Thus five cultures from different laboratories but originally received from a single source (Recife, Brazil) were compared by analysis of their plasmid profiles and the restriction digest patterns of the plasmids. Four cultures of Z. mobilis CP4 showed identical plasmid profiles and restriction digest patterns. One culture of CP4 (ZM4, ATCC 31821), cultured in P.L. Rogers' laboratory in Australia, and cultures derived from it and deposited in connection with recent patents, strain ZM401 (ATCC 31822) and strain ZM481 (ATCC 31823), differed from the first four cultures with respect to both plasmid profiles and restriction digest pattern. The reason for the plasmid differences between the two groups of cultures is unclear, but may have arisen in the original distribution, by natural selection while in continued culture or perhaps by selection of a minor strain in the original culture. In order to clarify the status of the two variant groups, the cultures that possess the same plasmid profile as the CP4 culture currently being distributed from the Recife culture collection are now designated CP4 (and derivatives). The cultures that possess the plasmid profile of the Rogers' CP4 (ZM4) are now designated by the Rogers' laboratory notation as ZM4 (and derivatives) and prior citation to CP4 removed from their nomenclature.

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Cited by (21)

Zymomonas mobilis metabolism: Novel tools and targets for its rational engineering
2020, Advances in Microbial Physiology
Citation Excerpt :
Actual numbers and sizes of Z. mobilis plasmids were for years elusive, since different laboratories isolated, visualized and estimated strains' plasmids widely differently. For instance, the industrial strain CP4 was purported to have three, one or four different plasmids according to different groups (Stokes, Dally, Yablonsky, & Eveleigh, 1983; Walia, Carey, All, & Ingram, 1984; Yablonsky et al., 1988). After thorough mapping, WGS sequencing and plasmid-only sample sequencing (Pappas, 1997; Kouvelis et al., 2014; jgi.doe.gov), the CP4 plasmids were proven to be five, with their genetic material exceeding 8% of the strain's genome.
Zymomonas mobilis is an α-proteobacterium that interests the biofuel industry due to its perfect ethanol fermentation yields. From its first description as a bacterial isolate in fermented alcoholic beverages to date, Z. mobilis has been rigorously studied in directions basic and applied. The Z. mobilis powerful Entner-Doudoroff glycolytic pathway has been the center of rigorous biochemical studies and, aside from ethanol, it has attracted interest in terms of high-added-value chemical manufacturing. Energetic balances and the effects of respiration have been explored in fundamental directions as also in applications pursuing strain enhancement and the utilization of alternative carbon sources. Metabolic modeling has addressed the optimization of the biochemical circuitry at various conditions of growth and/or substrate utilization; it has been also critical in predicting desirable end-product yields via flux redirection. Lastly, stress tolerance has received particular attention, since it directly determines biocatalytical performance at challenging bioreactor conditions. At a genetic level, advances in the genetic engineering of the organism have brought forth beneficial manipulations in the Z. mobilis gene pool, e.g., knock-outs, knock-ins and gene stacking, aiming to broaden the metabolic repertoire and increase robustness. Recent omic and expressional studies shed light on the genomic content of the most applied strains and reveal landscapes of activity manifested at ambient or reactor-based conditions. Studies such as those reviewed in this work, contribute to the understanding of the biology of Z. mobilis, enable insightful strain development, and pave the way for the transformation of Z. mobilis into a consummate organism for biomass conversion.
Zymomonas mobilis research in the Pernambuco Federal University
1993, Journal of Biotechnology
Identification of microbial isolates by DNA fingerprinting: analysis of ATCC Zymomonas strains
1990, Journal of Biotechnology
Nine Zymomonas strains available from the American Type Culture Collection were analyzed with a technique of restriction endonucleases fingerprinting of total DNA based on the combined use of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. The pattern analysis was performed with a densitometer and a personal computer. Strains isolated independently showed very different fingerprints while strains obtained by mutagenesis had patterns identical to the parent. However, in one case it was possible to distinguish a mutant from the parent by the absence of a band in its fingerprint. The analysis of Zymomonas total protein extracts by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis could not reveal any remarkable difference. The DNA fingerprinting similarity coefficients fitted very well with a previous taxonomical study based on classical tests, and confirmed the nomenclature problems regarding the Zymomonas CP4 strain pointed out in a recent paper (Yablonsky et al., 1988, J. Biotechnol. 9, 71–80). Furthermore a Zymomonas strain isolated in Argentina was compared with the ATCC strains showing a geographical correlation with other strains isolated in South America. On the basis of fingerprinting analysis it was possible to refer this strain to the subspecies mobilis.
Genetic modification of Zymomonas mobilis
1990, Biotechnology Advances
The bacterium $Zymomonas$ $mobilis$ is a potentially useful organism for the commercial production of ethanol as it is capable of more than double the rate of alcohol production by yeast. However, industrial application of this bacterium has been restricted in part due to the disadvantages of its limited substrate range (glucose, fructose and sucrose) and by-product formation. Progress in strain improvement and genetic manipulation of this ethanologen is reviewed. Methodologies for gaining reproducible gene transfer in $Z.$ $mobilis$ have recently been developed. Genetic modification has led to its growth on the additional substrates lactose and mannitol. Additionally, a range of by-product negative mutants have also been isolated. Further interest has focused on transfer of $Z.$ $mobilis$ genes to other fermentive organisms in order to gain enhanced product formation. Overall, these genetic approaches should lead to development of novel strains of $Z.$ $mobilis$ and other genera, capable of the use of starch, cellulose and xylan in a manner attractive for industrial ethanol production, besides facilitating over production of products from $E.$ $coli$ strains with enhanced capability to grow at high density
Zymomonas diversity and potential for biofuel production
2021, Biotechnology for Biofuels
Molecular identification and physiological characterization of Zymomonas mobilis strains from fuel-ethanol production plants in north-east Brazil
2018, Letters in Applied Microbiology

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Abstract

References (27)

Transformation of Zymomonas mobilis by a hybrid plasmid

Plasmid

Comparison of plasmids in strains of Zymomonas mobilis

Plasmid

Continuous ethanol production and cell growth in an immobilized cell bioreactor employing Zymomonas mobilis

Biotechnol. Bioeng.

The genus Zymomonas

A genetic comparison of strains of Zymomonas mobilis by analysis of plasmid DNA

Biotechnol. Lett.

The value of plasmid profiles for strain identification in lactic streptococci and the relationship between Streptococcus lactis 712, ML3 and C2

J. Appl. Bacteriol.

Electron microscopic analysis of Zymomonas mobilis strain ATCC 10988 plasmid DNA

Biotechnol. Lett.

A derivative of Zymomonas mobilis ATCC 10988 with impaired ethanol production

Biotechnol. Lett.

Rev. Inst. Antibiot. Univ. Recife.

Zymomonas ethanol fermentations: biochemistry and engineering

Comparative performance testing of nutritionally-generated phenotypic variants of different strains of Zymomonas mobilis in continuous ethanol fermentations

High productivity ethanol fermentations with Zymomonas mobilis using continuous cell recycle

Biotechnol. Lett.

Kinetic studies on a highly productive strain of Zymomonas mobilis

Biotechnol. Lett.

Cited by (21)

Zymomonas mobilis metabolism: Novel tools and targets for its rational engineering

Zymomonas mobilis research in the Pernambuco Federal University

Identification of microbial isolates by DNA fingerprinting: analysis of ATCC Zymomonas strains

Genetic modification of Zymomonas mobilis

Zymomonas diversity and potential for biofuel production

Molecular identification and physiological characterization of Zymomonas mobilis strains from fuel-ethanol production plants in north-east Brazil