An experimental arthritis in rats: Dorsal horn aspartate and glutamate increases
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2020, Neurobiology of DiseaseCitation Excerpt :At a more upstream molecular basis, glutamate is an important excitatory neurotransmitter which promotes synaptic transmission of nociception. At spinal cord level, acute or persistent pain induces a release of glutamate via primary afferent neurons into the dorsal horn (Sluka and Westlund, 1992; Sorkin et al., 1992). Moreover, the expression of glutamate receptors especially in microglia cells contributes to neuroinflammation and central sensitization (Basbaum et al., 2009; Ji et al., 2013).
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2012, Journal of EthnopharmacologyCitation Excerpt :Taking the literature data and the results presented here into account, the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions of Combretum leprosum-derived TTHL in the acetic acid abdominal constriction test might be due to an inhibition in the release of endogenous inflammatory mediators by resident peritoneal cells. There are evidences showing that inflammation and/or tissue damage can induce the release of glutamate from primary afferents, enhancing the activation of excitatory amino acid receptors in the peripheral tissue (Carlton, 2001; Hoffman and Miller, 2010; Miller et al., 2011; Sluka and Westlund, 1992). The activation of glutamate NMDA receptors causes the secretion of inflammatory mediators, i.e., TNF-α and IL-1β, that in turn can sensitize peripheral nerve endings and activate the immune response (Kane et al., 2005; McNearney et al., 2010; Sweeney and Firestein, 2004; Zelenka et al., 2005).
Surgical incision can alter capsaicin-induced central sensitization in rat brainstem nociceptive neurons
2008, NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :However, the activation of endogenous inhibitory mechanisms by the intense cumulative incision and capsaicin-evoked noxious stimulation of TMJ-responsive nociceptive neurons most likely accounts for the present findings in these neurons. It has been proposed that the large increase in EAAs in the spinal cord as a result of noxious stimulation is followed (Sorkin et al., 1992) or accompanied (Sluka and Westlund, 1992) by increased concentrations of inhibitory amino acids (IAAs), which may reflect activation of endogenous inhibitory responses, consistent with findings in the trigeminal system (Yu et al., 1994; Hu et al., 1997). Increased concentrations of the IAA serine have been shown to parallel increased concentrations of the EAAs glutamate and aspartate in the spinal cord for 10–30 min after plantar incision (Zahn et al., 2002).