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Immunohistochemical localization of SNARE core proteins in intrapulpal and intradentinal nerve fibers of rat molar teeth
2017, Archives of Oral BiologyCitation Excerpt :In neuronal cells, vesicle-associated membrane protein-2 (VAMP-2), a v-SNARE, binds specifically to a heterodimeric complex of syntaxin-1 and synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25), and the resulting heterotrimeric complex is the minimal requirement for synaptic vesicle exocytosis (Bennett, Calakos, & Scheller, 1992; Söllner et al., 1993; Südhof, 1995). The presence of these SNARE core proteins has been documented in brain regions where apparent synapses are present (Elferink, Trimble, & Scheller, 1989; Boschert et al., 1996; Inoue & Akagawa, 1993; Sesack & Snyder, 1995; Chen, Minge, Honer, & Whiteheart, 1999). These proteins are also localized in the peripheral nervous system where synapses are present between axon terminals and specific sensory cells, such as those in the retina (Morgans, Brandstatter, Kellerman, Betz, & Wassle, 1996; Von Kriegstein, Schmitz, Link, & Südhof, 1999), cochlear hair cells (Safieddine & Wenthold, 1999), and gustatory system (Yang, Crowley, Rock, & Kinnamon, 2000; Yang, Ma, Thomas, & Kinnamon, 2007; Yang, Stoick, & Kinnamon, 2004; Ueda, Ichimori, Okada, Honma, & Wakisaka, 2006).
Release of Neurotransmitters
2014, From Molecules to Networks: An Introduction to Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience: Third EditionOntogenetic profile of ecto-5'-nucleotidase in rat brain synaptic plasma membranes
2011, International Journal of Developmental NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :Using an enzyme cytochemical method, Schoen and Kreutzberg (1997) were localized e-5NT activity on the glial cells and at the main types of asymmetric synapses; the percentage of labeled synapse increased until adulthood (Bailly et al., 1995). In addition, neuronal syntaxin was reported to be limited in distribution to asymmetric (type I) terminals (but not at all) in rat brain, indicating that protein is localized primarily to a subpopulation of synapses that use excitatory neurotransmitter systems (Sesack and Snyder, 1995). We have also found syntaxin positive synaptosomes without e-5NT signal and in much lesser extent, e-5NT immunosignal associated with unidentifiable syntaxin-negative structures.
Heterogeneity of glutamatergic and GABAergic release machinery in cerebral cortex: analysis of synaptogyrin, vesicle-associated membrane protein, and syntaxin
2010, NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :On the other hand, the expression of STX1B, VAMP1/2, SGYR1/3 on immunoisolated SVs showed a similar pattern: anti-VGLUT1 immunoisolated SVs were intensely positive for these proteins (12.5±1.4% for STX1B, 31.9±0.3% for VAMP1, 39.3±2.4% for VAMP2, 32.3±5.3% for SGYR1 and 36.5±1.9% for SGYR3), anti-VGAT immunoisolated SVs contained 4–6 fold lower levels of these proteins (3.1±0.6% for STX1B, 9.4±0.2% for VAMP1, 8.9±0.24% for VAMP2, 5.1±0.9% for SGYR1 and 10.7±1.4% for SGYR3), and anti-VGLUT2 immunoisolated SVs had intermediate values (10.1±0.2% for STX1B, 24.0±1.1% for VAMP1, 21.9±1.3% for VAMP2, 10.3±0.2% for SGYR1 and 17.0±1.7% for SGYR3). Previous studies reported that in neocortex STX1 is expressed exclusively at axon terminals forming asymmetric synapses (Sesack and Snyder, 1995). The observation that STX1B was present in numerous VGAT+ terminals in both immunocytochemical and immunoisolation studies was therefore unexpected.
Presynaptic Proteins and Schizophrenia
2004, International Review of Neurobiology