Rapid communicationAssociation of the A1 allele of the D2 dopamine receptor gene with severe alcoholism
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Sibling genes as environment: Sibling dopamine genotypes and adolescent health support frequency dependent selection
2015, Social Science ResearchA Shared Molecular and Genetic Basis for Food and Drug Addiction: Overcoming Hypodopaminergic Trait/State by Incorporating Dopamine Agonistic Therapy in Psychiatry
2015, Psychiatric Clinics of North AmericaCitation Excerpt :The allelic form (A1 vs A2) of the DRD2 gene is responsible for the expression of receptors at postjunctional sites. The A1 form results in hypodopaminergic function,83,141 and in people, a paucity of DA receptors are predisposed to seek any substance or behavior that stimulates the dopaminergic system.142 The neurotransmitter DA and the DRD2 gene, despite controversy,143 have long been associated with reward.14
Differential effects of oxycodone, hydrocodone, and morphine on the responses of D2/D3 dopamine receptors
2015, Behavioural Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :Specifically, the D2L splice variant of the receptor was demonstrated to be essential for the rewarding properties of morphine [10,11]. In addition, association has been observed between D2 receptor genes and the abuse of various illicit drugs, as well as between D2 receptor genes and alcoholism [12–14]. Moreover, the D2DRs were also suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of affective and psychotic disorders [15–17].
Hypothesizing dopaminergic genetic antecedents in schizophrenia and substance seeking behavior
2014, Medical HypothesesCitation Excerpt :This breakdown of the reward cascade, [33–41] due to specific genetic and environmental influences, [42] that result in aberrant conduct, is referred to as RDS. It is well known that abuse of psychoactive drugs including; alcohol, [43] as well as most positive reinforcers like sex, food, gambling and aggression activate the release of neuronal dopamine [44–56] which can satisfy abnormal cravings [46] and increase positive feelings [57]. A deficiency of D2 receptor then predisposes individuals to multiple addictive, impulsive, and compulsive behaviors [58–60].
Variation of types of alcoholism: Review and subtypes identified in Han Chinese
2014, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological PsychiatryCitation Excerpt :However, the association between alcoholism and the DRD2 gene, with special attention to the A polymorphism, remains inconsistent. A number of studies (Blum et al., 1991; Noble, 1994) reported an association between alcoholism and the DRD2 gene; however, the association is not universally supported (Bolos et al., 1990; Gejman et al., 1994; Gelernter et al., 1991; Suarez et al., 1994; Turner et al., 1992) and remains controversial (Conneally, 1991). Edenberg et al. (1998) concluded that neither studies using the transmission disequilibrium test nor those using the affected family-based association test found any association between the DRD2 gene and alcoholism.