ResearchMacronutrient intake of black and white adolescent girls over 10 years: The NHLBI growth and health study☆,☆☆
Section snippets
Subjects
Three clinical centers (University of California, Berkeley; University of Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; and Westat, Inc, Rockville, MD, in association with a Washington, DC, metropolitan area health maintenance organization), Maryland Medical Research Institute, Baltimore, MD (coordinating center), and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (sponsor) participated in the study (13). Girls were recruited from public and parochial schools (Berkeley and
Energy intake
Overall, reported energy intake (Figure 1) increased significantly with age for both ethnic groups (P < .001 for both).
Discussion
The primary goal of this article was to provide descriptive, longitudinal information on macronutrient intake by examining the age-related changes in these intakes throughout adolescence and comparing them with NCEP recommendations. We also examined the association between sociodemographic factors and macronutrient intake trends. In both black and white girls, energy intake generally increased with increasing age, particularly during early adolescence, a result that can be expected given the
Acknowledgements
This research was supported by contracts HC55023-26 and Cooperative Agreements U01-HL48941-44 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
We acknowledge with gratitude the long-term commitment of all NGHS participants and their families who contributed to this study, and of the NGHS study personnel for their dedication to the project. Participating NGHS Centers included: Clinical CentersChildren's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
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2010, Journal of PediatricsCitation Excerpt :Diet and physical activity were measured with validated methods. Girls provided 3-day food records, which were reviewed by study dietitians at the clinic visit15,16 and completed a habitual physical activity patterns questionnaire that assessed frequencies of usual activities.17,18 An activity score was derived on the basis of an activity code ranging from 0 to 5 in order of activity intensity and also took into account duration and frequency of the activity.17
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2008, Progress in Pediatric CardiologyCitation Excerpt :Dietary intakes for children and adolescents in the U.S. overall, and African American children specifically, fall short of guidelines recommended for maintaining a healthy weight, including suboptimal intakes of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and dairy and excess intakes of total and saturated fat [13,14]. Studies report that compared to white girls, African American girls have higher intakes of calories, fat and saturated fat and are more likely to engage in weight-related eating behaviors, such as eating while watching television, even after controlling for socioeconomic status [15,16]. Using data from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Growth and Health Study, Affenito and colleagues found that frequency of eating breakfast was associated with higher calcium and fiber intakes and lower BMI in 9- to 19-year old girls [17].
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2007, Journal of Adolescent HealthCitation Excerpt :Data collection took place annually, with girls participating in up to 10 waves of data collection. Retention rates were 96%, 94%, and 91% at waves 2 to 4, dropped to a low of 82% at wave 7, and increased again to 89% at wave 10 [20]. Overall, 58.2% of participants participated in each of the 10 waves of data collection, and an additional 15.6% missed only 1 wave.
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Address correspondence to: Shari S. Kronsberg, MS, Maryland Medical Research Institute, 600 Wyndhurst Ave., Baltimore, MD 21210. E-mail: [email protected].
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0002-8223/03/10307-0005$35.00/0