Inflammatory pathways in atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndromes
Section snippets
Inflammation in atherosclerosis: evidence from vascular biology
Insight into atherosclerosis and the pathogenesis of its sequelae, such as myocardial infarction (MI), have evolved dramatically over the 100 years since researchers first demonstrated that cholesterol-rich diets induce atherosclerosis in rabbits.1, 4 Today, it seems almost inconceivable that Aschoff and other early investigators5, 6 had to convince the medical establishment that atherosclerosis was not simply a degenerative disease confined to the elderly. Insight into the disease has advanced
Inflammation in clinical cardiology: the potential use of markers
The prospect that measures of nonspecific markers of chronic low-grade inflammation might predict the risk of future MI 10 or 20 years later, is a powerful one. A number of studies have identified a variety of proteins whose levels may predict cardiovascular risk (Figure 1). 44 Early studies found that markers of inflammation such as C-reactive protein (CRP) correlated with unstable angina pectoris in acute coronary syndromes.45, 46, 47 In the Physicians’ Health Study, Ridker et al48 found that
Inflammation and inflammatory markers in cardiovascular practice: future prospects
Despite the impressive gains in understanding atherosclerosis, many questions persist about the use of inflammatory markers in clinical practice.93 Although CRP levels are predictive in research settings, their use clinically remains to be fully defined.94 Many transitory states (eg, upper respiratory infection, subclinical infection, other medications) may alter CRP levels, making interpretation difficult. It is also unclear how to use CRP levels in the prospective management of patients on
References (96)
Traffic signals for lymphocyte recirculation and leukocyte emigrationthe multistep paradigm
Cell
(1994)- et al.
Immunologic interactions of T lymphocytes with vascular endothelium
Adv Immunol
(1991) - et al.
Exogenous interferon-gamma enhances atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-/- mice
Am J Pathol
(2000) - et al.
Absence of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 reduces atherosclerosis in low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice
Mol Cell
(1998) - et al.
Elevation of C-reactive protein in “active” coronary artery disease
Am J Cardiol
(1990) - et al.
Preprocedural serum levels of C-reactive protein predict early complications and late restenosis after coronary angioplasty
J Am Coll Cardiol
(1999) - et al.
Statin therapy, lipid levels, C-reactive protein and the survival of patients with angiographically severe coronary artery disease
J Am Coll Cardiol
(2000) - et al.
Inflammation and microalbuminuria in nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjectsthe Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study
Kidney Int
(2000) - et al.
C-reactive protein is not associated with the presence or extent of calcified subclinical atherosclerosis
Am Heart J
(2001) - et al.
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systema specific target for hypertension management
Am J Hypertens
(1999)
The effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on endothelial dysfunctionpotential role in myocardial ischemia
Am J Cardiol
Should an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor be standard therapy for patients with atherosclerotic disease?
J Am Coll Cardiol
The Quinapril Ischemic Event Trial (QUIET)evaluation of chronic ACE inhibitor therapy in patients with ischemic heart disease and preserved left ventricular function
Am J Cardiol
The nuclear receptor superfamilythe second decade
Cell
Thiazolidinediones
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am
Atherosclerosisthe road ahead
Cell
Macrophages in human atheroma contain PPARgammadifferentiation-dependent peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) expression and reduction of MMP-9 activity through PPARgamma activation in mononuclear phagocytes in vitro
Am J Pathol
Atherosclerosisan inflammatory disease
N Engl J Med
Novel inflammatory markers of coronary risktheory versus practice
Circulation
Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular riskan epidemiologic view
Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis
Statins for strokethe second story?
Circulation
Historical review of research on atherosclerosis
Adv Exp Med Biol
Anitschkow and the cholesterol over-fed rabbit
Cardiovasc Pathol
Molecular determinants of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability
Ann N Y Acad Sci
T lymphocytes in aortic and coronary intimas: their potential role in atherogenesis
Am J Pathol
Regional accumulations of T cells, macrophages, and smooth muscle cells in the human atherosclerotic plaque
Arteriosclerosis
Changes in the endothelium of the aorta and the behavior of macrophages in experimental atheroma of rabbits
J Pathol Bact
The role of the monocyte in atherogenesisI. Transition of blood-borne monocytes into foam cells in fatty lesions
Am J Pathol
Studies on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. I. Adhesion and emigration of mononuclear cells in the aorta of hypercholesterolemic rats
Am J Pathol
Studies of hypercholesterolemia in the nonhuman primate. I. Changes that lead to fatty streak formation
Arteriosclerosis
An atherogenic diet rapidly induces VCAM-1, a cytokine-regulatable mononuclear leukocyte adhesion molecule, in rabbit aortic endothelium
Arterioscler Thromb
Identification of an inducible endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
The sensation and regulation of interactions with the extracellular environmentthe cell biology of lymphocyte adhesion receptors
Annu Rev Cell Biol
Endothelial expression of a mononuclear leukocyte adhesion molecule during atherogenesis
Science
Adhesion molecules on the endothelium and mononuclear cells in human atherosclerotic lesions
Am J Pathol
Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 is expressed in human coronary atherosclerotic plaques. Implications for the mode of progression of advanced coronary atherosclerosis
J Clin Invest
Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in atherosclerotic plaques
Am J Pathol
Cytokines as mediators of vascular pathology
Nouv Rev Fr Hematol
Expression of class II transplantation antigen on vascular smooth muscle cells in human atherosclerosis
J Clin Invest
Immune mechanisms in atherosclerosis
Arteriosclerosis
Molecular basis of the acute coronary syndromes
Circulation
IFN-gamma potentiates atherosclerosis in ApoE knock-out mice
J Clin Invest
Increased secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma by mononuclear leukocytes in patients with ischemic heart diseaserelevance in superoxide anion generation
Circulation
Nuclear factor-κB is selectively and markedly activated in humans with unstable angina pectoris
Circulation
NF-κB: pivotal mediator or innocent bystander in atherogenesis?
J Clin Invest
Matrix metalloproteinases and cardiovascular disease
Circ Res
Matrix metalloproteinase system deficiencies and matrix degradation
Thromb Haemost
Enhanced expression of vascular matrix metalloproteinases induced in vitro by cytokines and in regions of human atherosclerotic lesions
Ann N Y Acad Sci
Cited by (254)
Impact of Preoperative Hematocrit, Body Mass Index, and Red Cell Mass on Allogeneic Blood Product Usage in Adult Cardiac Surgical Patients: Report From a Statewide Quality Initiative
2023, Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular AnesthesiaThe impact of surgical treatment of OSA on cardiac risk factors
2019, Sleep Apnea and Snoring: Surgical and Non-Surgical TherapyThe Association Between Endocan Levels and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
2017, American Journal of the Medical Sciences