Original articleRisk factors for type ii diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in a mexican-american population: proyecto ver☆
Section snippets
Study population
Proyecto VER [Proyecto (Spanish for “project”) VER (Vision, Evaluation, and Research; VER is Spanish for “see”)] is a population-based cross-sectional survey of noninstitutionalized Mexican-Americans age 40 and older living in Arizona. Proyecto VER population selection and recruitment has been described in detail elsewhere.7 In summary, based on the 1990 census, a random sample of block groups that contained at least 5% Hispanic (according to census designation) residents age 40 and older were
Results
A total of 4,774 persons participated in the project (a participation rate of 72%). Detailed differences between participants and nonparticipants are reported elsewhere.7 In general, nonparticipants were significantly more likely to be male (46% vs 39%) and older (19% age 70+ vs 17%). Nonparticipants were also less likely to report having diabetes, but the age-adjusted differences were not significant.
A total of 1,023 (21% of 4,774) persons had diabetes, of whom 159 (16%) were not aware of
Discussion
In our sample of Mexican-Americans with type II diabetes, demographic, personal, socioeconomic, and access to care factors were more strongly associated with diabetes, especially previously undiagnosed diabetes, than with the retinopathy of diabetes. Only low income, less than $20,000/year, was related to proliferative retinopathy after adjustment for age, gender, duration of diabetes, and insulin use. Lack of insurance and no regular source of care were associated with previously undiagnosed
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Dr. Michael Steffes and Dr. Richard Royall for their advice and assistance and to the Team of Proyecto VER for their skill and support. We also thank Stacey Meuer for her help on the project.
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This project was supported by a Grant (EY11283) from the National Eye Institute and National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities to Dr. West. Dr. West is a Research to Prevent Blindness Senior Scientific Investigator.