Gender differences in host defense mechanisms
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- ∗
Interleukin-1 has two agonist forms (α and β) that bind to the same receptors and have virtually identical biological activities. Many of the reports cited in this review used bioassays that do not distinguish between the two forms, therefore the generic term IL-1 is used in most cases. Two forms of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) also exist. In this review, TNF always refers to the α form (also known as cachectin). Other abbreviations used in this review are: CFS — chronic fatigue syndrome; Ig — immunoglobulin; SLE — systemic lupus erythematosus; IDDM — insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; MØ — macrophage(s); Th1, Th2 — T helper 1, 2; IFNγ — interferon γ; LH — luteinizing hormone; FSH — follicle stimulating hormone; PG — prostaglandin; CRF — corticotrophin-releasing factor; ACTH — adrenocorticotrophic hormone; HPA — hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal; GnRH — gonadotropin-releasing hormone; PRL — prolactin; E — estrogen; P — progesterone; DES — diethylstilbestrol.