Basic scienceA deficit of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans on the bladder uroepithelium in interstitial cystitis
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2022, Journal of Controlled ReleaseCitation Excerpt :The inner layer of the bladder lumen is composed of highly specialized umbrella cells. The surface of the umbrella cell membrane is covered with a special membrane consisting of urokinase, lectin and GAG layers [26–28]. Chondroitin sulfate is the major component in the GAG layer, which is located on the luminal surface of the urothelium and provides the greatest contribution to the urothelial protective barrier function [25].
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2021, Features and Assessments of Pain, Anesthesia, and AnalgesiaEfficacy of instillation treatment with hyaluronic acid in relieving symptoms in patients with BPS/IC and uncomplicated recurrent urinary tract infections - Long-term results of a multicenter study
2019, European Journal of Pharmaceutical SciencesCitation Excerpt :A deficiency is assumed to be present in the protective layer of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), the lining of the bladder epithelium which is a common path in development of BPS/IC and recurrent UTIs (Constantinides et al., 2004; Stav and Lindner, 2011). Glycosaminoglycan is an important component of the protective liner, the deficiency being documented in a series of studies on painful bladder syndrome (Hurst et al., 1996), mainly using a positive potassium chloride sensitivity (PST) or the Parson test and the favorable response obtained to GAG restorer agents (Parsons, 1996; Parsons et al., 1991; Daha et al., 2008). Various techniques (instillations with chondroitin sulphate, heparin, pentosane polysulphate and HA) for recovering the layer of GAG from the bladder mucosa level have been used with differing results.
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