Effects of diesel organic extracts on chemokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells☆,☆☆,★
Section snippets
Generation of diesel exhaust
DEPs were obtained from a light-duty diesel-powered passenger car (Renault, pollution department, Boulogne Billancourt) used under the standard European Community cycle, representing the typical conditions encountered while driving in an urban setting and during short trips in a nonurban setting. DEPs were impacted on a Pallflex filter in a cyclone equipped with a dilution tunnel. After 3 cycles, the filter was removed from the tunnel and immediately used for organic extraction of the DEP-PAHs.
Extraction of DEP-PAHs
PBMC viability
The viability of PBMCs cultured in complete RPMI medium and incubated with various concentrations of DEP-PAHs, CH2 Cl2 , or medium alone during 7 to 48 hours time culture was first examined. The volume of CH2 Cl2 or DEP-PAHs solubilized in dichloromethane added to 1 mL medium was limited to 2 μL. The toxic effect on PBMCs was found to be nonexistent over 24-hour culture (viability >97% for all conditions) and remained very low even after 48 hours (viability for CH2 Cl2 : 95.3 ± 1.7%; 5 ng
DISCUSSION
DEPs and associated DEP-PAHs have been shown in several studies to have a broad spectrum of action in many aspects of the inflammatory reaction. In this context, we sought to investigate whether DEP-PAHs could also affect the production of chemokines.
This study demonstrates that the organic extract of diesel exhaust particles can modulate the release of chemokines produced by mononuclear cells of normal donors. This effect was shown to be dose-dependent and to take place early, already a couple
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Philippe Gosset, Philippe Lassalle, and Michel Joseph for critical review of this work. We thank Pascal Dorlhène, Gilles Jouvenot, and Michèle Chevrier from the staff of Renault Lardy for providing the DEP-PAHs and for the HPLC analysis.
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Cited by (51)
Arachidonic acid metabolism and inflammatory biomarkers associated with exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
2022, Environmental ResearchCitation Excerpt :Levels of ARA LOX metabolites were also positively associated with MCP-1 and adhesion molecules (Fig. 3), which is supported by previous animal studies showing the upregulation of MCP-1, CD62P, and ICAM-1 expression by 12/15-LOX overexpression or increased 12/15-LOX metabolites (Wen et al., 2008; Ozeki et al., 1998). However, the actual levels of MCP-1 and sCD62P were significantly lower in Beijing, which is consistent with previous studies reporting increased IL-8 but decreased MCP-1 expression and secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells after incubation with PAHs (Fahy et al., 1999). Of note, the decrease in MCP-1 and adhesion molecules cannot be explained by the changes of other inflammatory biomarkers or ARA LOX metabolites as discussed above.
The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Immunity
2018, Comprehensive Toxicology: Third EditionMechanisms of chemokine responses by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in bronchial epithelial cells: Sensitization through toll-like receptor-3 priming
2013, Toxicology LettersCitation Excerpt :There is a general consensus that the development or exacerbation of cardiopulmonary disease by inhaled PM involves inflammatory reactions (Donaldson et al., 2001; Kelly and Fussell, 2011; Ristovski et al., 2012; Salvi and Holgate, 1999). Moreover, the pro-inflammatory effects of DEP and other combustion-derived particulates seem to a large extent to be due to soluble organic components (Bonvallot et al., 2001; Fahy et al., 1999; Fuentes-Mattei et al., 2010; Kocbach et al., 2008; Totlandsdal et al., 2012). This has led to an increased focus on possible pro-inflammatory effects of PAHs in lung cells.
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2013, Revue de Pneumologie CliniqueThe immune effects of naturally occurring and synthetic nanoparticles
2010, Journal of AutoimmunityCitation Excerpt :When peripheral blood monocytes from allergic patients were exposed to either DEP-PAHs or Der p1 separately, there was an increase in chemokines IL-8, RANTES as well as TNF-α, but a synergistic effect was noted with simultaneous exposure of DEP-PAH and Der p l [27]. An in vitro study of the effects of a mixture of polyaromatic hydrocarbons derived from DEPs on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) extracted from healthy subjects revealed that DEP-PAHs increase secretion of IL-8 and CCL5, but inhibit release of MCP-1 in a dose dependent manner [28]. This effect appeared to be modulated at the transcriptional level, as production levels of mRNA for IL-8, CCL5 and MCP-1 paralleled the protein secretion.
Differential effects of nitro-PAHs and amino-PAHs on cytokine and chemokine responses in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells
2010, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
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Supported by a grant from ADEME and Institut Pasteur de Lille and by PRIMEQUAL-PREDIT grant No. 97034 from Ministère de l’Environnement.
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Reprint requests: A. B. Tonnel, MD, INSERM U-416, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Pr Calmette, BP 245, 59 019 LILLE, France.
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