Cell
Volume 87, Issue 5, 29 November 1996, Pages 845-855
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Article
CAR1, a TNFR–Related Protein, Is a Cellular Receptor for Cytopathic Avian Leukosis–Sarcoma Viruses and Mediates Apoptosis

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Abstract

Viral envelope (Env)–receptor interactions have been implicated in the cell death associated with infection by subgroups B and D avian leukosis–sarcoma viruses (ALVs). A chicken protein, CAR1, was identified that permitted infection of mammalian cells by these viral subgroups. CAR1 bound to a viral Env fusion protein, comprising an ALV-B surface Env protein and the Fc region of an immunoglobulin, indicating that it is a specific viral receptor. CAR1 contains two extracellular cysteine-rich domains characteristic of the TNFR family and a cytoplasmic region strikingly similar to the death domain of TNFR1 and Fas, implicating this receptor in cell killing. Chicken embryo fibroblasts susceptible to ALV-B infection and transfected quail QT6 cells expressing CAR1 underwent apoptosis in response to the Env–Ig fusion protein, demonstrating that this cytopathic ALV receptor can mediate cell death.

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