Elsevier

The Lancet

Volume 366, Issue 9482, 23–29 July 2005, Pages 268-269
The Lancet

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Physical activity and obesity in childhood and adolescence

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66838-9Get rights and content

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    It is widespread in both genders and all ages individuals, as well as in socio-economic strata and ethnic cohort. The overall of overweight people is projected to have exceeded more than 1.1 billion globally, involving 312 million obese people, and that approximately 10% of adolescents have overweight or obese (Hossain et al., 2007; Reilly, 2005). Genetics, behavioral and environmental influences are among the most significant variables linked to the incidence of obesity (Doaei et al., 2020).

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    SES was described using the Townsend score, an area-based measure derived from the UK census in 2001 derived from the percentage of unemployed people aged 16–65 years; household overcrowding; not owning a home; and not owning a car. The primary outcome measure was change in fat mass index (fat mass [kg]/height [m]2). Fat mass was estimated from TANITA bioelectric impedance by applying constants for the hydration of fat-free mass,28 having first estimated total body water using gender- and age-specific prediction equations from Haroun et al.29 The secondary outcome measure was change in BMI Z-score.

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    If this under-representation had any effect on validity of the associations observed, we would expect it to bias them towards the null, although we believe it unlikely that participation was linked with both body size and guideline compliance. The Australian physical activity guidelines for children are in accordance with international recommendations,30 however the minimal amount of daily physical activity necessary for optimal health has not been definitively determined and adherence to the recommendations is uncertain.1 The current study lends support to the guidelines, particularly the electronic media use recommendation, and indicates population characteristics of children who fail to comply.

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