Compliance to combination antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infected children

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    In developing countries caregiver reports are commonly employed to assess children's adherence, but there are no gold standard methods for measuring it.15–18 Results from seven studies that used caregivers reports, showed that 34–100% of caregivers reported 100% adherence and some of them showed that caregivers generally overestimate adherence in comparison with other methods.5,6,19–23 Other results on caregiver characteristics indicated that children are more adherent if they receive their medications from foster parents rather than the biological ones, or other relatives.7,24

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    There is a paucity of studies investigating barriers to medicines administration arising from oral formulations (particularly those related to organoleptic and physical properties) in children with chronic conditions. Those studies reported previously are limited to specific disease groups, e.g. antiretroviral medicines in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (Boni et al., 2000; Gibb et al., 2003; Goode et al., 2003; Marhefka et al., 2004; Pontali et al., 2001; Wrubel et al., 2005). Further studies compare the acceptance and flavour preferences of a spectrum of drugs from one class (e.g. antibiotics) using a “one-off” taste test method, commonly with the aid of a visual analogue scale (VAS) most often in healthy children or adults (Bagger-Sjöbäck and Bondesson, 1989; Chan et al., 1997; Cohen et al., 2009; El-Chaar et al., 1996; Samulak et al., 1996; Toscani et al., 2000).

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