Replication fork arrest and DNA recombination

doi:10.1016/S0968-0004(00)01560-7

Trends in Biochemical Sciences

Volume 25, Issue 4, 1 April 2000, Pages 173-178

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0004(00)01560-7 Get rights and content

Abstract

Replication arrests are associated with genome rearrangements, which result from either homologous or non-homologous recombination. Interestingly, proteins involved in homologous recombination are able to convert an arrested replication fork into a recombination intermediate, which promotes replication restart and thus presumably prevents genome rearrangements.

Section snippets

Replication pause or arrest can cause DNA rearrangements

The replisome is composed of DNA polymerase III, which in Escherichia coli comprises two core polymerases and numerous accessory proteins, the DNA helicase DnaB, which progresses in front of the polymerase to unwind double-stranded DNA, and the primase DnaG, responsible for the synthesis of primers on the lagging strand. DnaB interacts with DnaG and with the τ subunit of the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme⁴. τ is the subunit that bridges the two polymerases that synthesize the leading and the

Concerted action of homologous recombination proteins can faithfully restore a replication fork following replication arrest

In addition to DnaB, the DNA helicase associated with the replication fork, a second DNA helicase, named Rep, participates in the replication of the E. coli chromosome. rep mutants have a reduced replication rate²⁴, and because Rep can displace proteins from the DNA in vitro, it has been proposed to remove proteins from the path of the replication forks in vivo25, 26. In the absence of Rep, the encounter of obstacles causes frequent replication pausing, thus decreasing the apparent replication

Conclusion

On the one hand, replication defects have been shown to cause various kinds of DNA rearrangements that are either RecA-independent or RecA-dependent. On the other hand, homologous recombination proteins participate in the replication of the genome by promoting the restoration of a replication fork after arrest. This reaction presumably protects forks against breakage and limits the occurrence of rearrangements. How the recombination reaction at blocked replication forks facilitates replication

Acknowledgements

I thank V. Bidnenko, D. Canceill, D. Ehrlich, P. Noirot and M.A. Petit for helpful comments on the manuscript, and F. Haimet for help in figure drawing. B.M. is on the CNRS staff.

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Helicases in prokaryotes play important roles in various pathways including DNA replication, recombination and repair, and defense against virus and plasmid invasion via CRISPR-Cas system. Much progress has been made in the past two decades. In this chapter, we will review the status of research on helicases in Archaea, focusing on progress in the structural and function analysis of well-known proteins such as MCM and newly identified helicases including HerA, Hjm(Hel308a), PINA, and Cas3, and complexes of some of these proteins.
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Trends in Biochemical Sciences

ReviewReplication fork arrest and DNA recombination

Abstract

Section snippets

Replication pause or arrest can cause DNA rearrangements

Concerted action of homologous recombination proteins can faithfully restore a replication fork following replication arrest

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

Cell

J. Biol. Chem.

Cell

Molecular keys to speciationDNA polymorphism and the control of genetic exchange in enterobacteria

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.

Evolution of evolvability

Ann. New York Acad. Sci.

Stable DNA replicationinterplay between DNA replication, homologous recombination, and transcription

Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev.

Evolution of simple repeats in DNA and their relation to human diseases

Cell

When replication forks stop

Mol. Microbiol.

Illegitimate recombination in bacteria

Copy-choice illegitimate DNA recombination revisited

EMBO J.

Copy-choice recombination mediated by DNA polymerase III holoenzyme from Escherichia coli

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.

A sister-strand exchange mechanism for recA-independent deletion of repeated DNA sequences in Escherichia coli

Genetics

Biochemistry of homologous recombination in Escherichia coli

Microbiol. Rev.

Isolation of a dnaE mutation which enhances RecA-independent homologous recombination in the Escherichia coli chromosome

Mol. Microbiol.

Enhanced deletion formation by aberrant DNA replication in Escherichia coli

Genetics

Features of the chromosomal terminus region

The replication termination signal TerB of the Escherichia coli chromosome is a deletion hot spot

EMBO J.

Review
Replication fork arrest and DNA recombination