ReviewAlkaloids, alcohol and Parkinson's disease
Section snippets
Acknowledgements
The important contributions to the βC studies of E.J. Neafsey, K. Matsubara and D.A. Gearhart are recognized, as is the support of the NIH (R01 NS23891). Thanks also to M. Schipma for graphics assistance. Animal experiments done at Loyola University were carried out in accord with the NIH and the IACUC committee guidelines. All efforts were made to minimize animal suffering, employ the fewest number of animals, and utilize in vitro techniques when available. The protocol for human postmortem
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Phytochemicals for taming agitated immune-endocrine-neural axis
2017, Biomedicine and PharmacotherapyCitation Excerpt :However, conflicting results should be heeded. Alkaloids from various sources have been examined to be neurotoxins, which can induce mitochondrial energy depletion, and can create oxidative stress in brain etc. [158]. Lectins inhibit plasma membrane repair and exocytosis of mucus, subjecting the gut epithelial cells to necrotic death [159].
Current Status, Gaps, and Weaknesses of the Mechanism of Selective Dopaminergic Toxicity of MPTP/MPP<sup>+</sup>
2017, Advances in Molecular ToxicologyCitation Excerpt :Therefore, additional studies are necessary to fully describe the mechanism of the neurotoxicity of THP derivatives and their possible contributions to the etiology of PD. Similar to TIQs, indole-amines (tryptophan, tryptamine, and serotonin)-derived TβCs are also natural constituents in the human brain (Scheme 3.8; for review, see Ref. [116,164]). Owing to the structural resemblance to MPTP and TIQs, N-methylated forms of TβCs (20) were also expected to be endogenous neurotoxins contributing to the etiology of PD [165].
Naturally-occurring tetrahydro-β-carboline alkaloids derived from tryptophan are oxidized to bioactive β-carboline alkaloids by heme peroxidases
2014, Biochemical and Biophysical Research CommunicationsCitation Excerpt :Aromatic β-carbolines bind to brain receptors and inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO) exerting psychopharmacological and antidepressant actions [11,16,46]. On the other hand, aromatic β-carbolines are involved in toxicological processes [47–49]. They accumulate in the substantia nigra [12,50] and could be bioactivated to neurotoxic β-carbolinium cations [9,18,49,51,52].
Comparative effects of β-carbolines on platelet aggregation and lipid membranes
2010, Pharmacological ReportsCitation Excerpt :The globalization of the use of such a hallucinogenic ayahuasca containing β-carboline ingredients has occurred over recent decades [25]. From the historical and ethnopharmacological backgrounds, previous studies of β-carbolines have been exclusively focused on their effects on nervous systems together with the pathogenic relevance to neurological diseases like tremor, addiction and Parkinson’s disease [2, 6]. A variety of β-carbolines structure-dependently show high affinities for benzodiazepine, dopamine, serotonin and imidazoline receptors, the inhibition of serotonin reuptake, the inhibition of monoamineoxidase, etc. [2, 14, 15].
The role of acetaldehyde in the neurobehavioral effects of ethanol: A comprehensive review of animal studies
2005, Progress in Neurobiology