Trends in Plant Science
Volume 6, Issue 4, 1 April 2001, Pages 160-167
Journal home page for Trends in Plant Science

Review
Mobile factories: Golgi dynamics in plant cells

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1360-1385(01)01891-XGet rights and content

Abstract

The plant Golgi apparatus plays a central role in the synthesis of cell wall material and the modification and sorting of proteins destined for the cell surface and vacuoles. Earlier perceptions of this organelle were shaped by static transmission electron micrographs and by its biosynthetic functions. However, it has become increasingly clear that many Golgi activities can only be understood in the context of its dynamic organization. Significant new insights have been gained recently into the molecules that mediate this dynamic behavior, and how this machinery differs between plants and animals or yeast. Most notable is the discovery that plant Golgi stacks can actively move through the cytoplasm along actin filaments, an observation that has major implications for trafficking to, through and from this organelle.

Section snippets

Vesicular transport is mediated by membrane-associated proteins

Research in cultured mammalian cells and budding yeast has greatly advanced our understanding of the proteins involved in vesicle-mediated inter-organelle transport of macromolecules in the endomembrane system 7. Although each transport step requires a different set of proteins, the basic mechanisms remain constant: formation of the vesicle at the donor compartment with the help of a protein coat; removal of the coat and translocation to the acceptor (target) compartment; fusion of the vesicle

GFP reporters are opening up new opportunities for studying Golgi dynamics in living cells

The introduction of green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a tool for studying organelle dynamics in living cells has had a profound impact on our understanding of Golgi dynamics, both in mammalian 25 and plant cells 26, 27. By following the intracellular distribution of marker proteins in individual cells in real time and under a variety of experimental conditions, researchers can now not only obtain snapshots of transient events but also observe response intermediates with high temporal

Outlook

Recent years have brought exciting new insights into the dynamic properties and the functional organization of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells. Although most of the initial discoveries have resulted from studies of mammalian and yeast cells, plant researchers are rapidly gaining ground in identifying the machinery involved in the biosynthetic and transport activities of the Golgi (Box 1 and Fig. 1). Possibly the most important discovery from the perspective of plant researchers is the

Acknowledgements

We thank Marisa Otegui and Søren Mogelsvang for helpful discussions and critical reading of the manuscript. We also acknowledge helpful suggestions by the anonymous referees. Work in our laboratory is supported by NIH grant GM18639 to L.A.S.

Glossary

Anterograde transport
movement from the ER through the Golgi to the final destination (e.g. vacuole, plasma membrane).
Retrograde transport
movement in the opposite direction.
Coat proteins
peripheral membrane proteins that deform the membrane into a vesicle. Often also involved in selection of cargo for vesicle.
COP-I (coatomer)
coat protein complex at the Golgi, involved in retrograde transport to the ER and intra-Golgi transport.
COP-II
coat protein complex at the ER, involved in anterograde vesicle

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