Trends in Plant Science
ReviewRegulatory mechanism of plant gene transcription by GT-elements and GT-factors
Section snippets
A highly degenerated cis-element
GT-elements were first identified in the pea ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) small subunit gene (RBCS-3A) promoter as Box II (5′GTGTGGTTAATATG)4. The cognate DNA-binding activity, named GT-1, also binds to several other related but divergent sequences found in this promoter5 (Fig. 1). The deduced consensus core sequence is 5′-G-Pu-(T/A)-A-A-(T/A). GT-elements have been found in the promoter region of many other genes encoding diverse functions5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
A necessary but not sufficient element for light-activation
Deletion or point mutation of GT-elements in a few light-responsive genes does not affect light-induced transcription from these promoters5. This lack of effect might be at least partially caused by the presence of redundant GT-elements in these promoters. Gain-of-function experiments in transgenic tobacco showed that a tetramer of the GT-1 site (Box II) can confer light responsiveness to an otherwise light-irresponsive CaMV 35S-90 promoter (cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter region from
Trihelix DNA-binding GT-factors
There is no differential GT-element (Box II) binding activity observed in nuclear extracts from green or etiolated leaves5. However, tobacco root cell extracts contain a different Box II binding activity with a distinct sequence specificity and form a DNA–protein complex of higher electrophoretic mobility35. Moreover, the GT-element (Box II) binding activity from det mutant leaf nuclear extracts has a higher electrophoretic mobility than the one from normal plant leaves36, suggesting possible
Acknowledgements
My thanks to Dr F. Guerineau for critical reading of the manuscript and to L'Association Biopôle Végétal de Picardie, France, for support.
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