Original investigationsIron oxide nanoparticles as magnetic resonance contrast agent for tumor imaging via folate receptor-targeted delivery1☆
Section snippets
Material preparation and characterization
All reagents used in the synthesis were commercial products and were used without further purification unless otherwise indicated. These were FeCl3.6H2O, FeCl2.4H2O, Sephacryl S-300-HR, sodium periodate, sodium bicarbonate, 1,6-diaminohexane, sodium cyanoborohydride, dycyclohexylcarbodiimide, folic acid, dimethylsulfoxide, N-hydroxysuccinimide, and fluorescein isothiocyanate, all from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO).
Starting nanometer-sized, dextran-coated IO (maghemite) particles were prepared by
Results and discussion
Preparation of folate-conjugated, dextran-coated IO nanoparticles was achieved via a scheme described in Figure 1. We used several analytical tools to determine the physical characteristics of these nanoparticles.
Figure 2 shows the particle size distributions of nanoparticles after different stages of surface conjugation. Folate-FITC-IO nanoparticles have a slightly broader distribution and larger size (26 nm) than NH2-conjugated IO nanoparticles (22 nm) based on volume average. Also shown in
Conclusion
In summary, we have prepared superparamagnetic dextran-coated IO nanoparticles with tethered folate and FITC molecules. They possess a small size (26 nm) and hydrophilicity, are capable of long circulation and targeted delivery to folate-receptor-expressing sites, and have magnetic and fluorescent properties suitable for in vivo and in vitro imaging. Successful MR imaging of folate-receptor-expressing tumors in vivo was demonstrated for the first time using these nanoparticles. These
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Supported by grants awarded by DOE grant no. ER-61657 and National Institutes of Health grant nos. EB-00358 and CA83105.