Dialysis therapyThe extracellular fluid—to—intracellular fluid volume ratio is associated with large-artery structure and function in hemodialysis patients
Section snippets
Study population
Patients were considered eligible for inclusion when they (1) had been on HD therapy for at least 3 months and (2) had no clinical carotid artery stenosis. One hundred fifty-seven HD patients (76 men, 81 women) with a mean age of 55.9 ± 15.1 years were enrolled consecutively. Of these, 85 patients were administered a regular antihypertensive agent, including calcium channel blockers, diuretics, β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, central-acting agents, angiotensin II
Body fluid compartments between healthy subjects and HD patients
HD patients were significantly lighter than healthy controls for both men and women (Table 1). In comparison to healthy men, HD men had smaller percentages of ECF and ICF and a greater ECF-ICF ratio (healthy versus HD men, P = 0.025 for percentage of ECF; P = 0.001 for percentage of ICF; and P< 0.001 for ECF-ICF ratio, respectively; Table 1). In comparison to healthy women, HD women also had smaller percentages of ECF and ICF and a greater ECF-ICF ratio (healthy versus HD women, P = 0.008 for
Discussion
The principal finding in this study is that ECF-ICF ratio, a simple body fluid distribution index derived from BIS, is associated strongly with structural and functional alterations in large arteries in long-term HD patients. Increased ECF-ICF ratio was associated with increased aPWV, CCA Einc, AGI, and CCA diameter, which have been associated with increased morbidity and mortality in HD patients.2, 3, 4, 5 These findings support our hypothesis that alterations in structure and function of the
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Supported in part by grants no. NSC 88-2314-B-075-074 and NSC 89-2314-B-010-016 from the National Science Council; and intramural grants no. VGH 87-306, VGH 88-304, VGH 89-257, and VGH 90-66 from the Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, ROC.