Original articleDiabetic Retinopathy in a Multi-ethnic Cohort in the United States
Section snippets
Methods
The MESA is a prospective cohort study of men and women 45 to 85 years of age initially free of clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease and living in six United States communities (Baltimore, Maryland; Chicago, Illinois; Forsyth County, North Carolina; Los Angeles County, California; Northern Manhattan, New York; and St Paul, Minnesota).27 The study objective of MESA was to identify risk factors for subclinical and clinical cardiovascular disease. Selection of study population has been
Results
Participant characteristics comparing those with and without diabetes, as well as participants with diabetes in each of the four racial/ethnic groups, are listed in Table 1. There were significant differences between participants with and without diabetes; participants with diabetes were older and more likely to have less than 8 years of education, hypertension, and higher glucose, BMI, and waist-hip ratios than participants without diabetes. When we compared racial/ethnic groups among
Discussion
Our study provides new data on the prevalence of and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in four racial/ethnic groups participating in the MESA study, a prospective study of cardiovascular disease in six United States communities (Figure). We found an overall prevalence of retinopathy of 33.2%, CSME of 5.6%, and vision-threatening retinopathy (severe retinopathy or CSME) of 7.9% among participants with diabetes. The rates of diabetic retinopathy in whites in the MESA were lower than that
Tien Yin Wong, MD, PhD, is an Associate Professor in Ophthalmology at the Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, and a Retinal consultant at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital. He has a PhD in Epidemiology from the Johns Hopkins University. His clinical and research interest is in retinal vascular diseases, including diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy. He is on the Editorial Board of the British Journal of Ophthalmology and IOVS.
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Tien Yin Wong, MD, PhD, is an Associate Professor in Ophthalmology at the Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, and a Retinal consultant at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital. He has a PhD in Epidemiology from the Johns Hopkins University. His clinical and research interest is in retinal vascular diseases, including diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy. He is on the Editorial Board of the British Journal of Ophthalmology and IOVS.
Supported in part by contracts N01-HC-95159 through N01-HC-95165 and N01-HC-95169 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. A full list of participating MESA investigators and institutions is available at http://www.mesa-nhlbi.org. Additional support was provided by National Institutes of Health grants HL69979-03 (R.K. and T.Y.W.). The funding agencies had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; and preparation, review, or approval of the article in manuscript.