American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
Original articleFacial soft-tissue analysis of Korean adults with normal occlusion using a 3-dimensional laser scanner
Section snippets
Material and methods
Thirty men and 30 women, aged 21 to 27 years, were screened with lateral cephalometric measurements and clinical examinations at Yonsei dental college. All subjects had Class I skeletal and bilateral Angle Class I first molar and canine relationships. They had no facial asymmetry, protrusion, craniofacial disorders, or previous or current orthodontic treatment. The subjects were compared with the Korean norms from the Korean Association of Orthodontics and the Korean normal facial form reported
Results
The 3D coordinate values of the landmarks (X, Y, Z) were acquired by using the coordinate system, with N′ as the zero point. The X-coordinate values of the Tra, En, Ex, ULP, Ch, and Go′ were farther from the sagittal reference plane in the men than in the women (P <.05). There were statistically significant differences in the Y-coordinate values of all measurements between the sexes except Tri and FT (P <.05). All landmarks except G and FT, located in the forehead area, were farther from the
Discussion
Many 3D capturing instruments enable orthodontists to acquire various 3D images of the facial soft tissues. In this study, we used a 3D laser scanner (Vivid 900), which is easy to use and less time-consuming than CT, and has self-calibration and auto-image distortion correction ability.3, 4, 5, 6 The subject’s head posture was fixed to NHP. Ferrario et al17 reported that 3D measurement values were not sensitive to head posture. However, a consistent posture was reported to be quite important,
Conclusions
The facial soft tissues of Korean adults with normal occlusion were analyzed by using a 3D laser scanner, and an average 3D facial soft-tissue model of Korean adults with normal occlusion was obtained. The averaged values of the 3D angles and ratios are applicable for making an orthodontic diagnosis and comparing the facial soft tissues before and after treatment. When we compared the values between sexes, the size difference was large, but the shape difference was small.
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This study has been supported by the Craniofacial Deformity Center of Yonsei University.