AJM Theme Issue: Infectious DiseaseClinical research studyFifteen-Year Study of the Changing Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Section snippets
Methods
We evaluated all positive cultures for MRSA at U.S. military clinics and the tertiary hospital in San Diego from 1990 to 2004. Our patient population consisted of 247,000 active duty military personnel, dependents (including spouses and children), and retirees of the armed services. All cultures obtained at U.S. naval medical clinics in the San Diego area are referred to the Naval Medical Center San Diego microbiology laboratory. MRSA was defined by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute23
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Cases from 1990 to 2004
A total of 1888 MRSA isolates were found over a 15-year period at our institution; data to establish the case as community-acquired or nosocomial MRSA were available on 1846 isolates (97.8%). Of these, 1208 (65.4%) were community-acquired MRSA cases and 638 (34.6%) were nosocomial MRSA cases (Figure 1). Of the 1888 isolates, 1533 (81.2%) represented an MRSA infection, 348 (18.4%) represented a colonization, and 7 (0.4%) could not be classified. Community-acquired MRSA was the cause of the
Discussion
To our knowledge, this is the first single-site study that compares community-acquired MRSA and nosocomial MRSA isolates over a 15-year time period. Our report demonstrates that the incidence of community-acquired MRSA infections has dramatically increased since 2002 and that an increasing proportion of community-acquired MRSA cases are the result of intrafamilial spread. The community-acquired and nosocomial MRSA isolates from this study, which examines a single geographic location, are both
Conclusion
Community-acquired MRSA infections and household-related cases have dramatically increased since 2002. Most community-acquired MRSA involves the soft tissues; infections may be severe. Although a prime opportunity existed for nosocomial MRSA to spread and become established as community-acquired MRSA strains in this defined community, our 15 years of surveillance revealed the emergence of distinct MRSA strains uniquely adapted to the community. Further research on other specific virulence
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Contemporary approaches and future perspectives of antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): A systematic review
2020, European Journal of Medicinal ChemistryCitation Excerpt :In addition to the use of PDT in oncology, the use of PDT as an alternative therapeutic modality for the treatment of localized microbial infections represents an emerging field in the era of antibiotic resistance [13]. The first description of hospital-acquired (HA) MRSA in the 1960s [14] to the emergence of community-acquired (CA) MRSA in the 1990s [15–17] highlighted the wider dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the community [18,19]. Without further mitigating actions, studies estimate that the number of deaths attributable to global antibiotic resistance will increase to 10 million per year by 2050 compared to the current 700,000 annual deaths [13].
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2019, Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in the Environment: Volume 1 in the Advances in Environmental Pollution Research SeriesThe changing face of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
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This work was supported by the Department of Defense.
The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, or United States Government.