Review
Function and regulation in MAPK signaling pathways: Lessons learned from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Abstract

Signaling pathways that activate different mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) elicit many of the responses that are evoked in cells by changes in certain environmental conditions and upon exposure to a variety of hormonal and other stimuli. These pathways were first elucidated in the unicellular eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast). Studies of MAPK pathways in this organism continue to be especially informative in revealing the molecular mechanisms by which MAPK cascades operate, propagate signals, modulate cellular processes, and are controlled by regulatory factors both internal to and external to the pathways. Here we highlight recent advances and new insights about MAPK-based signaling that have been made through studies in yeast, which provide lessons directly applicable to, and that enhance our understanding of, MAPK-mediated signaling in mammalian cells.

Keywords

Mitogen_activated protein kinase
MAPK
Fus3
Kss1
Hog1
Mpk1/Slt2
Smk1
Mitogen_activated protein kinase kinase
MAPKK
Ste7
Pbs2
Mkk1
Mkk2
Mitogen_activated protein kinase kinase kinase
MAPKKK
Ste11
Ssk2
Ssk22
Bck1
Mitogen_activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase
MAPKKKK
Pkc1
p21_activated protein kinase
PAK
Ste20
5′_AMP_activated protein kinase
AMPK
Snf1
3′,5′_cyclic AMP_dependent protein kinase
PKA
Tpk1
Tpk2
Tpk3
Pheromone response
Filamentous growth response
Hyperosmotic stress response
Cell wall integrity
Signaling
Meiosis and sporulation
Signal transduction mechanisms
Signal propagation
Signaling fidelity
Spatial and temporal regulation
Yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Baker's yeast
Budding yeast

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