Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
Amino acids as regulators of gene expression: molecular mechanisms
Section snippets
Physiological importance of amino acids
Nine amino acids (valine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, histidine, and tryptophan) are indispensable in mammals, which means that they are not synthesized at all or not in sufficient quantity to meet cellular needs. Under particular conditions, some of the non-essential amino acids may become indispensable (they are then called conditionally indispensable). All the indispensable amino acids must then be supplied by the diet. Moreover, unlike other major
Molecular mechanisms
In mammalian cells, examples of genes induced following AA deprivation have been reported [13], [14]. However, very few of them have been studied at the molecular level. Three distinct mechanisms of regulation of gene expression have been identified so far: (1) a post-transcriptional component involving stabilization of mRNA under starved conditions has been shown for CHOP and asparagine synthetase (AS) but the molecular mechanisms involved in this process have not yet been identified [15], [16]
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