Original articlesHippocampal and ventricular volumes in psychotic and nonpsychotic bipolar patients compared with schizophrenia patients and community control subjects: A pilot study
Section snippets
Participants
Thirty-eight BP subjects (23 with psychosis) from 24 families were examined. Subjects lived in Maryland, Iowa, or Utah and were recruited from the Johns Hopkins Bipolar Disorder Genetic Linkage study (Simpson et al 1992), the National Institute of Mental Health Genetics Initiative Bipolar Disorder Collaborative study, or the Johns Hopkins Stanley Research Center program. All three studies had the same principal investigator (JRD), and their various diagnostic instruments were carefully
MRI acquisition and volumetric measurements
All MRI scans were obtained on three (same model, same version software, same settings) General Electric 1.5-Tesla Signa scanners (General Electric Medical Systems, Milwaukee, Wisconsin) situated in Baltimore, Maryland; London, United Kingdom; and Salt Lake City, Utah. As noted in prior publications (Sharma et al 1999), an analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed no effect of scanner location on brain volumes with the same pulse sequences as used in this study on subjects scanned in different sites.
Results
The four diagnostic groups did not differ by age [F(3,114) = .821, p = .485], gender [χ2(3) = .761,p = .859], or handedness [χ2(9) = 9.236, p = .416]. There was a significant difference among the groups for race [χ2(9) = 32.587, p < .001] because the NPBP were all Caucasian (Table 1). Raw means for the various volumetric measurements of each diagnostic group are provided in Table 2. There was no significant effect of diagnosis on total brain volume [F(3,114) = .578, p = .631].
For the overall
Discussion
This study—built upon previous reports that investigated structural brain differences among BP, SZ, and HC— is important because it is the first clear demonstration of anatomic differences in PBP but not NPBP that resemble those seen in SZ. If these changes are indeed subtype specific, it thus might help clarify why prior reports of anatomic changes in BP that ignore the PBP/NPBP distinction might be confusing and seldom agree with one another. Moreover, the BP and SZ samples were derived from
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