Original ArticleClinical Outcomes of Laboratory-Observed Preschool Behavioral Disinhibition at Five-Year Follow-up
Section snippets
Subjects
This study is a 5-year follow-up of a sample originally recruited between 1993 and 1998. As described in earlier reports (Biederman et al 2001a, Rosenbaum et al 2000), we recruited three groups: 1) 131 parents treated for panic disorder and their 227 children (of these parents, 113 either had comorbid panic and major depression [n = 102] or a spouse with major depression [n = 11]); 2) 39 parents with major depression without panic disorder or agoraphobia and their 67 children; and 3) 61
Attrition and Demographic Characteristics
Of the 281 children assessed for temperament at baseline, 215 were reassessed diagnostically at follow-up (77%). As seen in Table 1, children who were and were not reassessed did not differ on demographic variables (age, sex, SES, intactness of family, race), temperament (BD), or parental diagnoses (presence of parental panic disorder or depression). At follow-up, children ranged in age from 6 to 15 years (mean, SD: 9.61, 1.92).
As seen in Table 2, children with BD (n = 75), behavioral
Discussion
This study provides prospective evidence that behavioral disinhibition measured in early childhood predicted the presence, 5 years later, of current disruptive behavior disorders in general and oppositional defiant disorder in particular, even after considering the contribution of parental psychopathology and low socioeconomic status. Moreover, the study suggests that preschool BD represents a risk factor for the development of comorbid mood plus disruptive behavior disorder by middle childhood.
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