Elsevier

Biological Psychiatry

Volume 70, Issue 9, 1 November 2011, Pages e41-e42
Biological Psychiatry

Correspondence
Reply to: Neurogenetic Effects of OXTR rs2254298 in the Extended Limbic System of Healthy Caucasian Adults

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.07.021Get rights and content

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Methods and Materials: Image Processing for VBM and Analysis

VBM was performed using SPM8 software (Wellcome, Department of Imaging Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom) running on Matlab 2008a (MathWorks, Natick, Massachusetts). The nonuniformity of intensity of all acquired images was corrected using nonparametric, nonuniform intensity normalization (software available at http://www.bic.mni.mcgill.ca/software/N3/). First, magnetic resonance images were segmented into GM, white matter (WM), and cerebrospinal fluid using the standard unified segmentation

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    Studies using VBM have also found a correlation between the A allele of rs2254298 and alterations in GM volume in the dorsomedial anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and posterior brainstem of heterozygous carriers (Furman et al., 2011), in the right dACG of heterozygous carriers (Yamasue et al., 2011), and in the right insula of homozygous carriers of the risk allele (Saito et al., 2014). In addition, a significant interaction between sex and genotype effect was found in the right hypothalamus (Yamasue et al., 2011), which is in line with previous reports showing the involvement of the hypothalamus (Haussler et al., 1990; Swaab et al., 2001) and oxytocin (Rilling et al., 2014; Uhl-Bronner et al., 2005) in sexual dimorphism. Finally, Tost et al. (2011) demonstrated that the presence of the rs2254298 risk allele of healthy Caucasians was associated with significant decreases in hypothalamus GM volume in males only (Fig. 2A), and increased structural coupling of the hypothalamus and dACG in both males and females (Fig. 2B).

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    Early studies did not report the hemispheric origin of their samples (33,34); a later study included some bilateral but mostly left hemisphere samples (35). Genetic imaging studies that investigate the effects of polymorphic variation in the OT receptor gene on brain structure (120–124) and function (122,123,125–130) might shed further light. However, to date, there are too few studies and too great a range of tasks for a consistent pattern to emerge.

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The authors report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.

Please also see associated correspondence, doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.06.034.

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