Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-cfpbc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-20T12:34:09.768Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Factors influencing depression endpoints research (FINDER): Study design and population characteristics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2020

Ana Garcia-Cebrian ,
Michael Bauer ,
Angel L. Montejo ,
Nicolas Dantchev ,
Koen Demyttenaere ,
Paul Gandhi ,
Luigi Grassi ,
Brigitta U. Monz ,
David G.S. Perahia  and
Deborah Quail
...Show all authors
Ana Garcia-Cebrian
Affiliation:
Eli Lilly and Company Limited, Lilly Research Centre, Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, SurreyGU20 6PH, UK
Michael Bauer*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universitat Dresden, Fetscherstrae 74, D-01307Dresden, Germany
Angel L. Montejo
Affiliation:
Hospital Universitario Salamanca, Avda Comuneros 27, Salamanca37003, Spain
Nicolas Dantchev
Affiliation:
Unite de Psychiatrie, Hotel-Dieu, 1 place du Parvis Notre Dame, 75004Paris, France
Koen Demyttenaere
Affiliation:
Universitair Ziekenhuis Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000Leuven, Belgium
Paul Gandhi
Affiliation:
Eli Lilly and Company Limited, Lilly Research Centre, Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, SurreyGU20 6PH, UK
Luigi Grassi
Affiliation:
University of Ferrara, Corso Giovecca 203, 44100Ferrara, Italy
Brigitta U. Monz
Affiliation:
Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, D-55216Ingelheim, Germany
David G.S. Perahia
Affiliation:
Eli Lilly and Company Limited, Lilly Research Centre, Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, SurreyGU20 6PH, UK The Gordon Hospital, Bloomburg Street, LondonSW1V 2RH, UK
Deborah Quail
Affiliation:
Eli Lilly and Company Limited, Lilly Research Centre, Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, SurreyGU20 6PH, UK
Andre Tylee
Affiliation:
Section of Primary Care Mental Health, Health Services and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, LondonSE5 8AF, UK
*
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +49 351 458 2772; fax: +49 351 458 43 24.
Get access

Abstract

Factors influencing outcomes of depression in clinical practice, especially health-related quality of life (HRQoL), are poorly understood. The Factors Influencing Depression Endpoints Research (FINDER) study is a European prospective, observational study designed to estimate the HRQoL of adults with a clinically diagnosed depressive episode at baseline, and 3 and 6 months after commencing antidepressant medication. We report here the study design and baseline patient characteristics.

HRQoL was assessed by the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D). Patient ratings on Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were also obtained. Results (n = 3468) showed that SF-36 mental component summary (mean 22.2) was more than two SDs below general population norms (mean 50.0) and one SD below clinical depression norms (mean 34.8); the physical component summary (mean 46.1) was similar to general population (mean 50.0) and clinical depression norms (mean 45.0). Mean EQ-5D scores were also lower than general population norms. Mean HADS-Depression and -Anxiety subscores were 12.3 and 13.0, respectively. Fifty-six percent of patients reported an overall pain VAS score of at least 30 mm and 70% of these patients had no physical explanation for their pain.

Further investigation into factors associated with HRQoL in depression after treatment initiation is warranted.

Keywords

DepressionEuropeObservational studyQuality of life
Type
Original articles
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 23 , Issue 1 , January 2008 , pp. 57 - 65
Copyright
Copyright © Elsevier Masson SAS 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

☆

FINDER was funded by Eli Lilly and Company Limited, Windleham, UK and Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany.

1

Dr Paul Gandhi was employed by Eli Lilly and Company Limited, Basingstoke, UK at the time the research was performed.

2

Tel.: +44 1276 483028 (office); fax: +44 (0) 1276 483192.

3

Tel.: +34 923 12 65 96/97 (office); fax: +34 923 26 54 82.

4

Tel.: +33 142 34 84 35 (office); fax: +33 142 34 84 33.

5

Tel.: +32 163 48705 (office); fax: +32 163 48700.

6

Tel.: +39 0532 236 409 (office); fax: +39 0532 212240.

7

Tel.: +49 6132 779 3362 (office); fax: +49 6132 774233.

8

Tel.: +44 1276 483755 (office); fax: +44 (0) 1276 483711.

9

Tel.: +44 20 8746 8733; fax: +44 (0) 20 8746 8711.

10

Tel.: +44 1276 483293 (office); fax: +44 (0) 1276 484800.

11

Tel.: +44 20 7848 0150 (office); fax: +44 (0) 20 7848 0333.

References

Anderson, I.M., Haddad, P.M.The antidepressant debate should move on. Br J Psychiatry 2003;182:551–552.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ayuso-Mateos, J.L., Vázquez-Barquero, J.L., Dowrick, C., Lehtinen, V., Dalgard, O.S., Casey, P.et al.Depressive disorders in Europe: prevalence figures from the ODIN study. Br J Psychiatry 2001;179:308–316.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bagby, R.M., Ryder, A.G., Cristi, C.Psychosocial and clinical predictors of response to pharmacotherapy for depression. Rev Psychiatr Neurosci 2002;27:250–257.Google ScholarPubMed
Bair, M.J., Robinson, R.L., Eckert, G.J., Stang, P.E., Croghan, T.W., Kroenke, K.Impact of pain on depression treatment response in primary care. Psychosom Med 2004;66:17–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bair, M.J., Robinson, R.L., Katon, W., Kroenke, K.Depression and pain co-morbidity. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:2433–2445 A literature reviewCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barsky, A.J., Wyshak, G., Klerman, G.L.Hypochondriasis. An evaluation of the DSM-III criteria in medical outpatients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1986;43:493–500.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bauer, M., Monz, B.U., Montejo, A.L., Quail, D., Dantchev, N., Demyttenaere, K.et al.Prescribing patterns of antidepressants in Europe: results from the Factors Influencing Depression Endpoints Research (FINDER) study. Eur Psychiatry 2008;23:57–65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bijl, R.V., van Zessen, G., Ravelli, A., de Rijk, C., Langendoen, Y.The Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS): objectives and design. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 1998;33:581–586.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bijur, P.E., Silver, W., Gallagher, J.Reliability of the visual analogue scale for measurement of acute pain. Acad Emerg Med 2001;8:1153–1157.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bosworth, H.B., Hays, J.C., George, L.K., Steffens, D.C.Psychosocial and clinical predictors of unipolar depression outcome in older adults. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2002;17:238–246.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brooks, R.with the EuroQoL Group EuroQol: the current state of play. Health Policy 1996;37:53–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chakravarty, E.F., Fries, J.F.Science as experiment; science as observation. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol 2006;2:286–287.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Collins, S.L., Moore, A., McQuay, H.J.The visual analogue pain intensity scale: what is moderate pain in millimetres?. Pain 1997;72:95–97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crawford, J.R., Henry, J.D., Crombie, C., Taylor, E.P.Normative data for the HADS from a large non-clinical sample. Br J Clin Psychol 2001;40:429–434.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dolan, P.Modeling variations for EuroQol health states. Med Care 1997;35:1095–1108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ESEMeD/MHEDEA 2000 Investigators Prevalence of mental disorders in Europe: results from the European Study of Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2004;109(Suppl. 420):28–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fleck, M., Simon, G., Herrman, H., Bushnell, D., Martin, M., Patrick, D.On behalf of the LIDO Group Major depression and its correlated in primary care settings in six countries. Br J Psychiatry 2005;186:41–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garcia-Cebrian, A., Gandhi, P., Demyttenaere, K., Peveler, R.The association of depression and pain physical symptoms – a review of the European literature. Eur Psychiatry 2006;21:379–399.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Geddes, J., Butler, R., Hatcher, S., Cipriani, A., Price, J., Carney, S.et al.Depressive disorders. Clin Evid 2004;12:1391–1436.Google Scholar
Gibson, J.L., Martin, D.K., Singer, P.A.Evidence, economics and ethics: resource allocation in health services organizations. Health Care Q 2005;8:50–59.Google ScholarPubMed
Goldney, R.D., Fisher, L.J., Wilson, D.H., Cheok, F.Major depression and its associated morbidity and quality of life in a random, representative community sample. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2000;34:1022–1029.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenberg, P.E., Birnbaum, H.G.The economic burden of depression in the US: societal and patient perspectives. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2005;6:369–376.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haro, J.M., Kontodimas, S., Negrin, M.A., Ratcliffe, M., Suarez, D., Windmeijer, F.Methodological aspects in the assessment and treatment effects in observational health outcome studies. Appl Health Econ Health Policy 2006;5:11–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartz, A., Marsh, J.L.Methodologic issues in observational studies. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2003;413:33–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hays, R.D., Wells, K.B., Sherbourne, C.D., Rogers, W., Spritzer, K.Functioning and well-being outcomes of patients with depression compared with chronic general medical illnesses. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995;52:11–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Herrmann, C.International experiences with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale – A review of validation data and clinical results. J Psychosom Res 1997;42:17–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Herrman, H., Patrick, D.L., Diehr, P., Martin, M.L., Fleck, M., Simon, G.E.et al.Longitudinal investigation of depression outcomes in primary care in six countries: the LIDO study. Functional status, health service use and treatment of people with depressive symptoms. Psychol Med 2002;32:889–902.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
International Network for Agencies for Health Technology Assessment (INAHTA) Available from: http://inahta.org/inahta_web/index.asp [accessed 25.11.06]Google Scholar
Keller, M.B.Past, present and future directions for defining optimal treatment outcome in depression. Remission and beyond. J Am Med Assoc 2003;289:3152–3160.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelly, A.M.The minimum clinically significant difference in visual analogue scale pain score does not differ with severity of pain. Emerg Med J 2001;18:205–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, S.H.A review of antidepressant treatments today. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2006;16(Suppl. 5):S619–S623.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lepine, J.P., Briley, M.The epidemiology of pain in depression. Hum Psychopharmacol Clin Exp 2004;19:S3–S7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lepine, J.P., Gastpart, M., Mendlewicz, J., Tylee, A.On behalf of the DEPRES steering committee Depression in the community: the first pan-European study DEPRES (Depression Research in European Society). Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1997;12:19–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, C.J., Lopez, A.D.Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990–2020: global burden of disease study. Lancet 1997;349:1498–1504.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mykletun, A., Stordal, E., Dahl, A.A.Hospital anxiety and depression (HAD) scale: factor structure, item analysis and internal consistency in a large population. Br J Psychiatry 2001;179:540–544.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olsson, I., Mykletun, A., Dahl, A.A.The hospital anxiety and depression rating scale: a cross-sectional study of psychometrics and case finding abilities in general practice. BMC Psychiatry 2005;5:46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paykel, E.S., Brugha, T., Fryers, T.Size and burden of depressive disorders in Europe. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2005;15:411–423.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peveler, R., George, C., Kinmonth, A.L., Campbell, M., Thompson, C.Effect of antidepressant drug counselling and information leaflets on adherence to drug treatment in primary care: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 1999;319:612–615.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simon, G.E.Long-term prognosis of depression in primary care. Bull World Health Organ 2000;78:439–445.Google ScholarPubMed
Szadoczky, E., Rozsa, S., Zambori, J., Furedo, J.Predictors for 2-year outcome of major depressive episode. J Affect Disord 2004;83:49–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Szende, A.Williams, A.Measuring self-reported population health: an international perspective based on EQ-5D Hungary: Spring Medical Publishing; 2004.Google Scholar
Tylee, A., Gastpar, M., Lepine, J.P., Mendlewicz, J.DEPRES II (Depression Research in European Society II): a patient survey of the symptoms, disability and current management of depression in the community. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1999;14:139–151.Google Scholar
Tylee, A., Ghandi, P.The importance of somatic symptoms in depression in primary care. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 2005;7:167–176.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ware, J.E., Gandek, B., Kosinski, M., Aaronson, N.K., Apolone, G., Brazier, J.et al.The equivalence of SF-36 summary health scores estimated using standard and country-specific algorithims in 10 countries: results from the IQOLA project. J Clin Epidemiol 1998;51:1167–1170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ware, J.E., Kosinski, M., Dewey, J.E.How to score version 2 of the SF–36 health survey Lincoln, RI: Quality Metric Incorporated; 2000.Google Scholar
Wells, K.B., Stewart, A., Hays, R.D., Burnam, M.A., Rogers, W., Daniels, M.et al.The functioning and well-being of depressed patients. Results from the medical outcomes study. J Am Med Assoc 1989;262:914–919.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whalley, D., McKenna, S.P.Measuring quality of life in patients with depression or anxiety. Pharmacoeconomics 1995;8:305–315.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zigmond, A.S., Snaith, R.P.The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1983;67:361–370.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.