New Method: Experimental EndoscopyComprehensive esophageal microscopy by using optical frequency–domain imaging (with video)
Section snippets
OFDI system
The technologic approach to OFDI was previously described in detail.13 Briefly, OFDI uses a focused, narrow-diameter beam and measures the delay of reflections emanating from within the tissue sample. By repeatedly measuring these depth scans (A-lines) while the beam is scanned across the tissue, cross-sectional images are acquired. Because the propagation velocity of light in tissue is so high, the delay intervals for reflected light are too brief to be measured directly with electronic
Distal esophagus
Imaging was performed without complications in both swine. A 3-dimensional reconstruction of a helical data set at the distal esophagus is depicted in Figure 3A. The locations of the cross-sectional and longitudinal images displayed in Figures 3B and C, respectively, are shown in Figure 3A. The transverse cross-sectional image in Figure 3B shows clear delineation of the mucosal microscopic structure. Note that imaging of the entire mucosal thickness was achieved over the full 360°. A
Discussion
In this pilot study, comprehensive esophageal microscopy in vivo has been demonstrated for the first time by using a prototype OFDI system. High-resolution images were obtained from the distal esophagus and the gastroesophageal junction, which permitted clear visualization of the anatomic layers of the esophagus and of the vascular network of the muscularis mucosa. Procedure times were less than 6 minutes, but the image acquisition speed of the prototype system was limited entirely by the rate
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2020, Medical Image AnalysisCitation Excerpt :While this review paper concentrates on fibre bundle based systems, a brief description of the currently available endomicroscopic imaging platforms, both commercial and research based, is provided. NinePoint Medical (Bedford, Massachusetts, USA) developed the NVisionVLE platform, a Volumetric Laser Endomicroscopy (VLE) (Bouma et al., 2009; Vakoc et al., 2007; Yun et al., 2006) device that can acquire in-vivo, high-resolution (7 µm), volumetric data of a cavity (e.g. the gastro-intestinal tract) through a flexible, narrow diameter catheter (<2.8 mm). VLE combines principles of endoscopic Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) (Tearney et al., 1997), along with Optical Frequency-Domain Imaging (OFDI) (Yun et al., 2003) to acquire a sequence of cross-sectional images 100-fold faster than conventional OCT, while maintaining the same resolution and contrast.
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This research was supported, in part, by the National Institutes of Health, contracts R01 CA103769, R33 CA110130, and R01 RR0119768.