International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Review Article
Head and Neck OncologyCell adhesion molecules, the extracellular matrix and oral squamous carcinoma
Head and Neck Oncology
Section snippets
Integrins
The integrins (Fig. 1) represent the largest known family of cell adhesion molecules and are all integral membrane glycoproteins expressed in different combinations by all cells44. Integrins all consist of an α and a β subunit. Currently, 16 different α subunits, 8 β subunits and 24 combinations have been identified109. The two subunits collaborate to bind molecules in the extracellular matrix, the specificity of which is determined by the cell type and the subunit combination. Interactions
Collagens
Collagens are the commonest matrix molecule. Over 20 genetically distinct collagens have been identified. Paradoxically, despite being the commonest molecule of the matrix, few tumour-associated changes are apparent and these seem to be of little prognostic significance. Collagen IV is found only in the basement membrane in normal tissues, and in invasive tumours this molecule is found surrounding the carcinoma cells as they invade the matrix16. Collagen IV has been shown by
Conclusion
Over the past 20 years considerable progress has been made in understanding the nature of cell-surface membrane receptors, and the structure and dynamics of the extracellular matrix. This has led to a greater understanding of the process of tumour invasion and metastases, and undoubtedly to the identification of a number of prognostic indicators that may be useful in HNSCC. The use of antibodies to tumour-associated matrix molecules to concentrate radiotherapy around tumours is at a very early
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