Reviews and feature articlesEosinophilic disorders
Section snippets
A new classification of eosinophilic disorders
Many earlier classifications of eosinophilic diseases were generated according to the site of eosinophilic infiltration associated with organ damage and dysfunction. This resulted in several disease terms such as eosinophilic dermatitis, gastroenteritis, pneumonia, or fasciitis. Other classifications are based on the numbers of blood eosinophils (eg, hypereosinophilic syndrome). However, research efforts combined with new technologies and therapeutic tools have led to a better understanding of
Eosinophilic disorders resulting from mutations in pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells
Chronic eosinophilic leukemias belong to a special group of chronic myeloid leukemias, in which eosinophil differentiation is dominant, resulting in blood eosinophil counts of greater than 1.5 × 109/L.7 However, other lineages are also affected, because the disease is the result of a mutation in a pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell. Several defined entities have been described. Chromosomal translocations related to breakpoints on chromosome 8p11 result in fibroblast growth factor receptor 1
Allergic diseases
Common diseases are allergic rhinoconjunctivitis,20 bronchial asthma,21 eosinophilic esophagitis,22 and atopic dermatitis.23 Moreover, in most patients with primary eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders, evidence for IgE-mediated allergic sensitization mechanisms exists.24 Eosinophilic pancreatitis is rare and usually occurs together with eosinophilic gastroenteritis.25 In childhood, food allergy and allergic colitis are common.26 Tissue and blood eosinophilia is a characteristic feature of
Conclusion
In this article, we propose a simple classification scheme of eosinophilic disorders (Fig 1). Eosinophilia might be caused either by mutations in eosinophil precursors or by overexpression of eosinophil hematopoietins. Among the eosinophil hematopoietins, IL-5 appears to be the most prominent. In some cases, IL-3 contributes or is dominant.120 GM-CSF appears to play a less important role but has often been shown to be expressed in in vitro activated eosinophils. The expression of eosinophil
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2022, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In PracticeCharacteristics of Dermatological Patients With Blood Eosinophilia: A Retrospective Analysis of 453 Patients
2022, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In PracticeControversies in Allergy: The Potential Role of Biologics as First-Line Therapy in Eosinophilic Disorders
2022, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In PracticeTherapeutic strategies for eosinophilic dermatoses
2019, Current Opinion in PharmacologyNonmalignant leukocyte disorders
2019, Rodak’s Hematology: Clinical Principles and Applications
(Supported by an unrestricted educational grant from Genentech, Inc. and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation)
Series editors: Donald Y. M. Leung, MD, PhD, and Dennis K. Ledford, MD
Work in the laboratory of Dr Hans-Uwe Simon is supported by grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant #310000-107526), the Stanley Thomas Johnson Foundation, Bern, and the OPO-Foundation, Zurich.
Disclosure of potential conflict of interest: The authors have declared that they have no conflict of interest.