Original articleA Prospective Study of Neck, Shoulder, and Upper Back Pain Among Technical School Students Entering Working Life
Section snippets
Methods
The study population consisted of 420 technical school students from 13 schools in the greater Oslo area (85% of the 496 who were invited). Technical school students are defined as students enrolled in a public college that provides mostly employment preparation skills for trained labor. The students choose a specific occupational program and they are taught the skills needed to perform a particular job. The technical school students in this study were recruited to represent student
Factors related to neck, shoulder, and upper back pain
A high initial prevalence of neck, shoulder, and upper back pain was seen; 78% female and 47.5% male students reported at baseline that they had pain the past 4 weeks. Neck, shoulder and upper back pain decreases at the 1- and 3-year follow-up (Figure 1), but the significant gender difference remains.
Because of the significant gender difference in pain reports the univariate analysis was done separately for male and female students. The unadjusted logistic regression in Table 2, shows that
Discussion
The results show that a considerably higher number of female compared with male adolescents report neck, shoulder, and upper back pain. At the same time, males tend to report higher levels of mechanical exposure than females. These gender differences are significant at baseline and in both follow-up questionnaires. Several studies have revealed that females report significantly more pain than males, both in the young [6], [19] and adult populations [20], [21]. It has been shown in a previous
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by a grant from the NHO, Confederation of Norwegian Enterprises. We also thank Nina Østerås and Kristian Gould for helping with data collection at baseline and 1-year follow-up.
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