Original ArticleEffects of Visual Feedback on Manipulation Performance and Patient Ratings
Section snippets
Subjects
Forty healthy male (n = 26) and female (n = 14) chiropractic student volunteers from the second year, in their first term with no formal training in spinal manipulative therapy, participated in the study. Subjects were naive about the hypotheses of the experiment. Informed consent statements were signed, and all procedures in the study were conducted with the approval of the institutional review board.
Task and Apparatus
The HVLA task was the application of an L4 mammillary push (L4MP) procedure commonly taught at
Results
No reports of injury or discomfort by any of the participants during or after the acquisition and retention trials were observed.
Discussion
Manual skill training relies heavily on the combination of feedback and repetition. Earlier work in our laboratory4 showed that preparation for learning these procedures and its format and context is an important consideration with respect to improving performance. The training of spinal manipulative therapy has historically provided subjective instructor feedback and tactile cueing without objective measurement of performance or a tangible conceptualization of the target objective. Triano et al
Conclusion
Quantitative visual feedback based on a tangible conceptualization of the target performance resulted in immediate and significant improvement in all measured parameters. The magnitude of improvement is significantly larger for complex tasks under realistic circumstances than has been reported before. Differences in skill are demonstrable both by changes in biomechanical parameters of HVLA procedures as well as by ranking of perceived performance by simulated patients. Newly developed skills
Acknowledgment
This research was supported, in part, by a grant from the National Chiropractic Mutual Insurance Company, Clive, Iowa, and administered by the Foundation for Chiropractic Education and Research, Norwalk, Iowa.
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