Original articleThe role of socioeconomic status, depression, quality of life, and glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus
Section snippets
Methods
The Institutional Review Board at Baylor College of Medicine approved the study protocol. Study participants included children with T1DM age 8 to 17 years and their parents or legal guardians. Subjects were included if they had had T1DM for 6 months or longer, with at least 1 positive islet cell antibody, insulin autoantibody, or antibody to glutamic acid decarboxylase. They were either English- or Spanish-speaking, and the presence of a legal guardian was required. Subjects were excluded if
Results
The Table presents the clinical characteristics of the study subjects. By definition, there were 110 well-controlled subjects and 112 poorly controlled subjects, and, as expected, the difference in HbA1C levels between the 2 groups was significant (P < .0005). There was approximately equal sex distribution in the 2 groups, and BMI was not significantly different between the groups. The mean HbA1C was 8.5% ± 1.9%.
Of the 222 participants, parents of 19 opted not to reveal information to ascertain
Discussion
T1DM is the third most common chronic condition in children under age 16 years, after asthma and cerebral palsy.20 In diabetics, depression is a contributing factor to poor metabolic control, decreased QOL, and increased medical morbidity and mortality.21 Our cross-sectional study attempts to examine multiple variables and their associations with depression and poor metabolic control in pediatric T1DM. Consistent with previous research,22 we found that low SES was significantly associated with
References (38)
- et al.
Anxiety and depression in juvenile diabetes: a critical review
Clin Psychol Rev
(2003) - et al.
Depression in type 1 diabetes in children: natural history and correlates
J Psychosom Res
(2002) - et al.
Depression in diabetic patients: the relationship between mood and glycemic control
J Diabetes Complications
(2005) - et al.
Chronic illness and emotional distress in adolescence
J Adolesc Health
(1996) - et al.
Suicidal ideation and behavior and noncompliance with the medical regimen among diabetic adolescents
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
(1997) - et al.
Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among youth with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
(1994) - et al.
Social and psychological characteristics of Kuwaiti children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Soc Sci Med
(2005) - et al.
Psychiatric disorder and metabolic control among youths with IDDM: a longitudinal study
Diabetes Care
(1996) - et al.
Prevalence of depression in adults with diabetes: an epidemiological evaluation
Diabetes Care
(1993) - et al.
Depression and poor glycemic control: a meta-analytic review of the literature
Diabetes Care
(2000)
IDDM is a risk factor for adolescent psychiatric disorders
Diabetes Care
Symptoms of depression are important to psychological adaptation and metabolic control in children with diabetes mellitus
Diabetes Med
Depression in adults with diabetes
Diabetes Care
Depressive symptoms predict hospitalization for adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Pediatrics
Measuring socioeconomic status: reliability and preliminary validity for different approaches
Assessment
Measuring depression in children: a multi-method assessment investigation
J Abnorm Child Psychol
Comparison of fingerstick hemoglobin A1c levels assayed by DCA 2000 with the DCCT/EDIC central laboratory assay: results of a Diabetes Research in Children Network (DirecNet) Study
Pediatr Diabetes
The PedsQL: measurement model for the pediatric quality of life inventory
Med Care
PedsQL 4.0: reliability and validity of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 4.0 generic core scales in healthy and patient populations
Med Care
Cited by (224)
Diabetes and Mental Health
2023, Canadian Journal of DiabetesApproaches to Psychosocial Care Within Tertiary Diabetes Care Centres in Canada: An Environmental Scan
2022, Canadian Journal of DiabetesCan parkland mitigate mental health burden imposed by the COVID-19? A national study in China
2022, Urban Forestry and Urban Greening
Partially supported by an unrestricted educational grant from Novo Nordisk.