Original ArticlePrenatal Cocaine Exposure Related to Cortisol Stress Reactivity in 11-Year-Old Children
Section snippets
Methods
Enrollment and exclusion criteria for the MLS have been described in detail.21, 22 The study had approval from the institutional review board at each site. Each site also had a certificate of confidentiality from the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Infants in the longitudinal study were selected to be in the exposed group (maternal report of cocaine or opiate use during pregnancy or gas chromatography–mass spectrometry confirmation of
Results
Of the 1388 children enrolled at the one month visit, 115 were excluded because they were exposed to opiates, 388 did not participate in the 11-year visit. Of the 885 attending the 11-year visit, 115 did not participate in the cortisol reactivity task due to chronic disability (n = 57), child or parent unable or refusal (n = 14), or technical problems or resource limitations (n = 44). Of the 770 who participated in the cortisol reactivity task; 22 had an incomplete procedure or saliva
Discussion
We report cortisol stress reactivity in school-aged children with prenatal cocaine exposure. We found that cortisol reactivity to stress was more likely to be blunted in children with prenatal cocaine exposure. These effects were also related to domestic violence but they were independent of other covariates including other prenatal and postnatal drug exposures. Thus, more children with prenatal cocaine exposure and exposure to domestic violence showed the blunted cortisol response than
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Cited by (0)
Supported by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Neonatal Research Network and an interinstitute agreement with the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) through cooperative agreements: U10-DA-024117-01, U10-HD-21385 (S.S.), U10-DA-024128-06, U10-HD-2786 (H.B.), U10-DA-024119-01, U10-HD-27904 (B.L.), and U10-DA-024118-01, U10-HD-21397 (C.B.); and NICHD contract N01-HD-2-3159 (B.L.). The authors declare no conflicts of interest.