Original ArticleEffects of Fish Oil Supplementation on Markers of the Metabolic Syndrome
Section snippets
Methods
The study protocol was approved by the Committee of Biomedical Research Ethics of Denmark (H-A-2007-0055) and has been registered in the Clinical Trials database (clinicaltrials.gov; no. NCT00929552). Subjects were recruited via addresses obtained from the Danish Civilian Person Register. A total of 3652 letters of invitation were sent out to boys age 13-15 years living near the university. The inclusion criterion was a self- reported body mass above the 90th percentile, calculated based on
Results
Of the 87 teenage boys who entered the study, 78 completed the intervention. Reasons for withdrawal included dislike of the taste of the bread and insufficient structure in meal habits, which prevented the subjects from eating the daily ration of bread. When asked after study completion, 60% of the boys were able to guess which diet they had received. Compliance was estimated by asking the boys how much of the bread they had managed to eat during the intervention, which was ˜90% (range,
Discussion
Our study showed that the fish oil treatment in slightly overweight teenage boys reduced both SBP and DBP measured at the wrist. The insignificance difference between wrist and upper arm measurements might be explained by the greater level of relaxation required for the wrist measurements. This could result in increased quality of the wrist assessment, as reflected in a smaller variation (especially in SBP) compared with that obtained from the oscillometric measurements. Most of the boys had
References (37)
- et al.
A systemic review of the roles of n-3 fatty acids in health and disease
J Am Diet Assoc
(2009) - et al.
Purified eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids have differential effects on serum lipids and lipoproteins, LDL particle size, glucose, and insulin in mildly hyperlipidemic men
Am J Clin Nutr
(2000) - et al.
Highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in humans have similar triacylglycerol-lowering effects but divergent effects on serum fatty acids
Am J Clin Nutr
(1997) - et al.
Effects of n-3 fatty acids in subjects with type 2 diabetes: reduction of insulin sensitivity and time-dependent alteration from carbohydrate to fat oxidation
Am J Clin Nutr
(2006) - et al.
The fatty acid composition of skeletal muscle membrane phospholipid: its relationship with the type of feeding and plasma glucose levels in young children
Metabolism
(1998) - et al.
Fish oil affects blood pressure and the plasma lipid profile in healthy Danish infants
J Nutr
(2006) - et al.
A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues
J Biol Chem
(1957) - et al.
Essential hypertension predicted by tracking of elevated blood pressure from childhood to adulthood: the Bogalusa Heart Study
Am J Hypertens
(1995) - et al.
Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and amelioration of cardiovascular disease: possible mechanisms
Am J Clin Nutr
(1990) - et al.
Changes in body composition during growth in healthy school-age children
Appl Radiat Isot
(1998)
Erythrocyte-derived measures of membrane lipid composition in healthy men: associations with arachidonic acid at low to moderate but not high insulin sensitivity
Metabolism
Dietary fish as a major component of a weight-loss diet: effect on serum lipids, glucose, and insulin metabolism in overweight hypertensive subjects
Am J Clin Nutr
Fish oils and plasma lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in humans: a critical review
J Lipid Res
Food matrices affect the bioavailability of (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids in a single meal study in humans
J Food Res
Blood pressure response to fish oil supplementation: metaregression analysis of randomized trials
J Hypertens
Does fish oil lower blood pressure? A meta-analysis of controlled trials
Circulation
n-3 fatty acids preserve insulin sensitivity in vivo in a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha-dependent manner
Diabetes
Fish oil prevents insulin resistance induced by high-fat feeding in rats
Science
Cited by (54)
Clove oil
2023, Essential Oils: Extraction, Characterization and ApplicationsScientific evidence of the association between oral intake of OMEGA-3 and OMEGA-6 fatty acids and the metabolic syndrome in adolescents: A systematic review
2022, Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular DiseasesCitation Excerpt :In their clinical trial, Ahmadi et al. (2014) [41] found a significant increase (p = 0.007) in HDL-c in the omega-3 group (baseline: mean 39.16 mg/dL ± 10.67; final: mean 44.06 mg/dL ± 5.94) compared to the placebo group (baseline: mean 33.21 mg/dL ± 3.39; final: mean 37.17 mg/dL ± 3.93) and with the group that received vitamin E (baseline: mean 38.00 mg/dL ± 8.55; final: mean 40.80 mg/dL ± 7.63). In turn, Pedersen et al. (2010) [38] verified in their clinical trial that HDL-c increased by 0.06 mg/dL ± 0.03 (p = 0.01) in the fish oil group compared to the control group. Conversely, a clinical trial [29] found a significant increase (p < 0.01) in HDL-c in the placebo group (soybean oil) of 16.2 mg/dL ± 27.5 mg/dL compared to the omega-3 group, which presented an increase of 3.8 mg/dL ± 22.32 mg/dL.
Fish-derived functional foods and cardiovascular health: An overview of current developments and advancements
2022, Functional Foods and their Implications for Health PromotionEffect of Fish Oil on Insulin Sensitivity in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Controlled Trials
2021, Canadian Journal of Diabetes
Supported by the Danish Council for Strategic Research. The intervention bread was sponsored by Kohberg A/S, which had no influence on the interpretation of the data or the writing of this article. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Clinical Trials database registration (clinicaltrials.gov): NCT00929552.