Original ArticleA Naturalistic 10-Year Prospective Study of Height and Weight in Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Grown Up: Sex and Treatment Effects
Section snippets
Methods
Subjects were derived from two identically designed, longitudinal, case-control studies. The first study ascertained 140 male cases (ADHD) and 120 control subjects (non-ADHD) ages 6 to 17 years. Subjects were assessed at baseline and at 4- and 10-year follow-up. The second study ascertained 140 females with ADHD and 122 control subjects ages 6 to 17 years. Subjects were assessed at baseline and at 5- and 10- to 11 year follow-up times. We used data from both studies, across all waves of
Results
Of the 140 with ADHD and 120 control boys recruited at baseline, 112 (80%) and 105 (88%), respectively, were successfully reassessed at the 10-year follow-up (χ2(1) = 2.6, P = .11). Previously, we reported no differences between boys followed up and not followed up on a range of demographic characteristics, except social class.7 There was no significant difference between the ADHD and control groups in the proportion providing growth data (n = 78 (70%) and n = 68 (65%), respectively; χ2(1) =
Discussion
Our results showing no differences in trajectories of growth outcomes between subjects with and without ADHD are consistent with our baseline assessment of our female sample with and without ADHD.3 These findings are also congruent with the mean baseline height z score from studies of stimulant-naïve children with ADHD (z = 0.08, 95% CI = -0.01 to 0.17) .1
However, our results are not consistent with evidence showing an increased risk for overweight in children with ADHD15 nor with the
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Associations Between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), ADHD Medication, and Shorter Height: A Quasi-Experimental and Family-Based Study
2023, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryReview: Adult Outcome as Seen Through Controlled Prospective Follow-up Studies of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Followed Into Adulthood
2022, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryMethylphenidate and atomoxetine treatment negatively affect physical growth indexes of school-age children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
2021, Pharmacology Biochemistry and BehaviorCitation Excerpt :Regarding height, some studies have demonstrated that it is significantly negatively affected after MPH treatment (Lentferink et al., 2018; Poulton et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2010), and some researchers have reported that height growth declines only slightly initially and then the negative effects gradually disappear (Durá-Travé et al., 2012; Kim et al., 2014). Some studies have concluded that MPH has no negative effect on height growth (Biederman et al., 2003; Biederman et al., 2010; Díez-Suárez et al., 2017; Hanć et al., 2012; Harstad et al., 2014; Koonrungsesomboon and Koonrungsesomboon, 2020). Differences in side effect risk have been reported for polymorphisms in synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP25), SLC6A3, and DRD4 (McGough et al., 2006; Stein et al., 2005; Polanczyk et al., 2007; Purper-Ouakil et al., 2008).
Long term methylphenidate exposure and growth in children and adolescents with ADHD. A systematic review and meta-analysis
2021, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral ReviewsCitation Excerpt :Finally, other authors reported that the height or weight changes might be a natural symptom of ADHD rather than a consequence of medication (Spencer et al., 1996; Hanc and Cieslik, 2008; Swanson et al., 2007). While, on average, reported effects of stimulants on growth appear to be modest, a substantial variability has been observed, with some children seemingly completely unaffected (Biederman et al., 2010; Findling et al., 2009; Zachor et al., 2006), whilst others experience significant growth suppression (Pliszka et al., 2006b; Charach et al., 2006; Zhang et al., 2010; Poulton et al., 2012). A recent publication by Swanson and the MTA Cooperative Group re-examined children’s physical growth for cost-benefit evaluation and revealed that the “New medicated subgroup” was, at the 36 months follow up point, 3.04 cm shorter and 2.71 kg lighter than the “Not medicated group” with a growth-related cost persisting into adolescence and adulthood.
Inhaled Corticosteroids and Endocrine Effects in Childhood
2020, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
Conflict of interest and funding support information is available at www.jpeds.com (Appendix).