Characterization of a new myeloid leukemia cell line with normal cytogenetics (CG-SH)
Introduction
While leukemia cell lines are difficult to establish, they are considered to be important tools to study leukemic transformation and hematopoietic differentiation and to test new treatment approaches. Commonly used human myeloid leukemia cell lines include K562 (derived from a patient in myeloid blast crisis), KG1 representing myeloblasts, the erythroleukemic cell line HEL, the promyelocyte-like cell line HL60 and the monoblastic cell line U937. Most of the described human myeloid leukemia cell lines are derived from aggressive or relapsed cases and have multiple cytogenetic aberrations. There are few reviews regarding myeloid leukemia cell lines [1], [2]. We have established and describe here a new myeloid leukemia cell line with normal cytogenetics.
Section snippets
Case report
A male patient (dob 3/12/1928) was diagnosed in July 2004 with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). He was treated with 5-aza-cytidine for a total of 12 cycles which led to a normalization of his peripheral blood counts. In August 2005, his counts worsened again and in September 2005 a rapidly rising leukocytosis occurred and the diagnosis of AML (M5) was made. The cells at this point were positive for myeloperoxidase, HLA-DR, CD38, CD7, CD117, partially positive for CD34 and negative for CD33. The
Results
The results of the immunologic and marker determination of cell line GC-SH are shown in Table 1. GC-SH is a bona fide AML (or AMML) cell line expressing multiple myeloid markers (MPO, CD13, CD15, and CD65). In addition, the stem cell antigen CD34 and the receptor for stem cell factor c-kit are expressed and the T-cell antigen CD7 is co-expressed. Morphologically, the cells appear immature (large monomorphous cells with large nucleoli, vacuoles, lacking typical cytoplasmic granulations, see Fig.
Discussion
Cell lines derived from patients with acute leukemia generally have multiple cytogenetic aberrations. In an earlier review, only 3 of 37 leukemia cell lines were clearly described as diploid or having a normal karyotype [1]. A recent complete review of leukemia and lymphoma cell lines described 102 myeloid and monocytic leukemia cell lines. Using modern cytogenetic techniques, none of these 102 cell lines had a normal karyotype [7]. Only one other recently described cell line which however has
Acknowledgements
The authors thank Dr. Kevin Dowden for a photomicrograph, Cory (Joseph) Cordova and Paula Polk for technical assistance, the Feist Weiller Cancer Center for financial support and Drs. Shari Meyers and Jonathan Glass for critical comments.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing financial interests.
Contributions: R.M., M.L.N., D.V., B.J.W., A.R., W.K., F.D., and T.H. performed research, R.M. and T.H. analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript.
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2015, Leukemia ResearchCitation Excerpt :To overcome these issues, a variety of human myeloid cell lines have been used as model systems [17] although all of these carry multiple chromosomal rearrangements [18–20] and have unstable karyotypes that do not reflect NK-AML biology. To address this, Munker and colleagues recently established, CG-SH, an AML cell line with a normal karyotype which was derived from an M5 AML patient [21]. To identify molecular lesions in this cell line in an unbiased fashion, we performed whole-genome and whole-transcriptome sequencing analysis.
RUNX1 regulates corepressor interactions of PU.1
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