Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and factors associated with its components in Chinese adults
Introduction
In the last 2 decades, a great deal of concern has been focused on a cluster of metabolic abnormalities including abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and adipose metabolic disorder identified as metabolic syndrome (MetS). It is regarded as an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus [1], [2], [3]. Although debate on the use of the term metabolic syndrome is still going on [4], [5], its impact on public health has been considerable. Criteria proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) [6], International Diabetes Federation (IDF) [7], and National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) [8] were often used in publications.
Metabolic syndrome is becoming epidemic worldwide [7]. It is increasing rapidly in all ages and is considered one of the important public health challenges in China [9], [10], [11].
Nevertheless, the disparity in economic development is very large in China. Few studies on prevalence and determinants of MetS in China were done in economic booming areas. The current study was conducted in Jiangsu province, which is economically developed. It has a population of 74 million and has the highest population density in China. In the present study, our aims were to evaluate the prevalence of MetS and to assess the factors associated with MetS risk. This may serve as a basis to design necessary intervention programs for the prevention of cardiocerebrovascular diseases and diabetes.
Section snippets
Participants
This population-based study was conducted on a random sample of residents aged 35 to 74 years in urban and rural areas from Jiangsu province, China. Only 1 person was selected in each family to reduce the problem associated to clustering of some risk factors related to genetic predisposition, food habits, and environmental factors. Exclusion criteria were pregnant women, and physically or mentally disabled person unable to follow simple questions and examinations. Four investigation sites were
Basic characteristics of study sample
Description of anthropometric, metabolic, and lifestyle characteristics of 3914 subjects in the study according to the absence or presence of MetS are shown in Table 1. The mean age of the sample was 53.5 ± 10.9 years. Two thousand six hundred eighty subjects were free of MetS, whereas 1234 subjects had the syndrome. More women than men had MetS. The proportions of smoking, alcohol drinking, and tea drinking were significantly lower in the MetS group compared with the non-MetS group (P < .01).
Discussion
In the study, we found a high prevalence of MetS in a province with rapid economic development. A positive association between urban residence, high income, and MetS was found. Education level and tea drinking were inversely associated with MetS.
Our data showed that 30.5% of adult population aged 35 to 74 years residing in both urban and rural areas in Jiangsu province had MetS following the modified ATP III criteria. There was a noteworthy increase of MetS since 1992 when the prevalence was
Acknowledgment
This work was funded by the Norwegian Research Council, Norway. The authors appreciate the participation of the subjects from investigation sites and health professionals from Centers for Disease Prevention and Control and community health care centers in this study.
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