Involvement of ionotropic glutamate receptors in low frequency electroacupuncture analgesia in rats
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Acknowledgement
This study was supported by a grant of the Oriental Medicine R&D Project, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea (02-PJ9-PG3-20600-0005).
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2017, Biochemical PharmacologyCitation Excerpt :EA treatment has generally been shown to have a therapeutic effect via attenuation of high expression of ionotropic glutamate receptors or by suppressing Ca2+ influx [92–95]. In addition to these effects in disease, EA has been shown to induce analgesia via peripheral electrical stimulation in healthy animals by enhancing the activation of glutamate receptors [96–98]. These studies may support the proposal that acupuncture activates dormant therapeutic neuronal networks that evoke the release of NTFs via excitatory neurotransmitters, such as glutamate, in competition with pathophysiological networks, exerting eventual therapeutic effects [23,99].
Acupuncture for analgesia in veterinary medicine
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2013, Trigger Point Dry Needling: An Evidence and Clinical-Based ApproachPre-emptive anti-hyperalgesic effect of electroacupuncture in carrageenan-induced inflammation: Role of nitric oxide
2009, Brain Research BulletinCitation Excerpt :It is accepted nowadays that NO may act as retrograde transmitter, and hyperalgesia blocked by pre-treatment with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors [48]. On the other hand, the intrathecal administration of NMDA, has been shown to produce an increase of NO and glutamate concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid [10,45]. Consequently the NMDA antagonists, as ketamine, are efficacious against tonic/persistent types of pain produced by the acetic acid writhing and formalin assays [3,42].
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