Racial distinction of the unknown facial identity recognition mechanism by event-related fMRI
Section snippets
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by grants of the Korea Health 21 R&D Project, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (02-PJ1-PG1-CH06-0001), (02-PJ3-PG6-EV07-0002) and a grant of the 2005 Nuclear R&D Plan Program, Ministry of Science & Technology, Korea.
We thank two anonymous referees for helpful suggestions on a previous version of this manuscript.
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2018, Neuroscience LettersCitation Excerpt :Intentional encoding of same- and other-race faces could be further modulated by frontoparietal networks subserving attention and cognitive control [3]. Factors which moderate the other race effect include external factors, such as familiarity of the face, as the effect on amygdala [8,27] and fusiform [24] activations is no longer evident when the face is that of a well-known (famous) individual [24,27], and the duration of the stimuli presentation, as the effect is not observed with extended presentations [8], suggesting that the novelty or the unfamiliarity of the faces contribute to the bias-related responses. Moreover, it is possible that the effect could be modulated by the degree of implicit racial bias for a particular individual.
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2014, NeuroImageCitation Excerpt :Using the ERP technique, which has exquisite temporal resolution but poor spatial resolution, recent studies (Caharel et al., 2011; Caldara et al., 2004; Ito and Urland, 2005) have revealed a number of marked electrophysiological response differences as early as 170 ms post stimulus onset when adults view own- and other-race faces. Using the fMRI technique, which has high spatial resolution but poor temporal resolution, researchers have also found that adults show blood hemoglobin response differences between own- and other-race faces in various cortical and subcortical regions such as the amygdala, bilateral fusiform gyrus (e.g., the Fusiform Face Area or FFA: Golby et al., 2001; Kanwisher and Yovel, 2006; Natu et al., 2010), middle occipital gyrus (e.g., the occipital face area or OFA: Kanwisher and Yovel, 2006; Natu et al., 2010), and bilateral prefrontal cortical regions such as the inferior frontal gyrus, and middle frontal gyrus (Cunningham et al., 2004; Feng et al., 2011; Kim et al., 2006; Lieberman et al., 2005; Van Bavel et al., 2008). These adult findings thus reveal a neural other-race effect (NORE) paralleling the behavioral other-race effect, suggesting that adults' asymmetrical experience with own- and other-race faces have a direct impact not only on their behavior but also on neural responses.