Age-dependent mortality in the pilocarpine model of status epilepticus
Section snippets
Acknowledgements
NINDS Grants RO1NS051505 and RO1NS052529, and award UO1NS058213 from the NIH CounterACT Program through NINDS to RJD supported this study. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the federal government. We thank our research colleagues Drs. Dawn Carter and Katherine Falenski for their critical suggestions. We also thank Dr. Viswanathan Ramakrishnan for his help with the statistical analysis. We thank Elisa Attkisson for
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Substantial outcome improvement using a refined pilocarpine mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy
2021, Neurobiology of DiseaseCitation Excerpt :On the other hand, the low survival and the low SE induction rates are traditionally considered major obstacles in the systemic pilocarpine treatment in mice (Ahmed Juvale and Che Has, 2020; Buckmaster and Haney, 2012; Cavalheiro et al., 1996; Jefferys et al., 2016; Schauwecker, 2012; Shibley and Smith, 2002; Winawer et al., 2007). It was postulated that high mortality in pilocarpine-injected mice might be caused by cardiovascular complications and respiratory failure consecutive to SE (Blair et al., 2009; Buckmaster and Haney, 2012). Similarly, patients with epilepsy had an increased risk of death, which could be explained by the postictal “wave of death” that spread to brainstem nuclei, leading to central cardiorespiratory collapse (Aiba and Noebels, 2015; Bernard, 2015).
Targeting the glutamatergic system to counteract organophosphate poisoning: A novel therapeutic strategy
2020, Neurobiology of DiseaseCitation Excerpt :Therefore, we tested the anticonvulsant and neuroprotective efficacy of LY293558 in 10-month-old male rats. It was not surprising that these older rats were significantly more sensitive to lethality by nerve agent exposure compared to young-adult rats (Apland et al., 2017); aged humans and animals are more vulnerable to the lethal effects of SE, regardless of its cause (Blair et al., 2009; Shih et al., 1990; Towne, 2007; Wozniak et al., 1991). Treatment with LY293558 did not yield 100% 24-h survival rate in the 10-month-old rats, but it increased it from 33% in the group that did not receive anticonvulsant treatment to 90% when LY293558 was injected 20 min after exposure and 78% when LY293558 was injected 60 min after exposure.
The Pilocarpine Model of Acquired Epilepsy
2017, Models of Seizures and Epilepsy: Second EditionOpportunities for improving animal welfare in rodent models of epilepsy and seizures
2016, Journal of Neuroscience MethodsCitation Excerpt :Some types of seizures and epilepsies occur in neonates and infants and are not present in adults (Mareš, 2012; Wasterlain et al., 2013) or vice versa (Sperber et al., 1999). Since brain function alters during development (e.g. neurotransmission, neuronal properties and connectivity (Galanopoulou and Moshe, 2011), the age of animals is likely to affect many factors such as sensitivity to chemoconvulsants (Wozniak et al., 1991) and kindling (Cilio et al., 2003), seizure latency and intensity (Pierson and Swann, 1988; Thompson et al., 1991), mortality (Blair et al., 2009) and behavioural, pathophysiological and pharmacological responses to anticonvulsant (Stafstrom et al., 1993; Shetty et al., 2012; Mareš, 2014). Choice of sex: Gender differences are emerging amongst some types of epilepsies (Galanopoulou, 2014).
Inhibition of adenosine metabolism induces changes in post-ictal depression, respiration, and mortality in genetically epilepsy prone rats
2016, Epilepsy ResearchCitation Excerpt :There was a significant increase in mortality of GEPR-9s of both genders subsequent to the administration of adenosine metabolism inhibitors compared to the vehicle group in the present study. Deaths occurred in the GEPR-9s between 12 and 48 h after AGSz, which is comparable with the time of death after seizure in the pilocarpine seizure model in rats (Blair et al., 2009), and is also comparable to that seen in several published human cases (Langan et al., 2000). There was a significant increase in the incidence of deaths in females as compared to males, which is in accordance with previous data showing greater seizure sensitivity of female GEPR-9s developmentally, as mentioned above (Kurtz et al., 2001).