Halothane augments event-related γ oscillations in rat visual cortex
Section snippets
Experimental procedures
The experimental procedures and protocols used in this investigation were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. All procedures conformed to the Guiding Principles in the Care and Use of Animals of the American Physiologic Society and were in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1996). All efforts were made to minimize the number of animals used and their suffering.
Righting reflex
Six animals that were tested for the loss of righting reflex as a function of halothane concentration demonstrated consistent results. The righting reflex of all rats was lost between 0.7% and 0.8% halothane. Namely, in four animals the loss of righting reflex occurred at 0.7% halothane; in the other two rats the righting reflex was lost at 0.8%.
Effect of halothane on ERP power spectrum
Fig. 1 shows average power spectral estimates of 1-s long single-trial ERP data at seven halothane concentrations. It is apparent that various
Discussion
In this study, we examined the concentration-dependent effects of halothane on γ oscillations in the rat visual cortex before and after single flash stimuli. We demonstrated that both pre- and poststimulus γ activity was enhanced at intermediate halothane concentrations but was not different from its waking baseline and surgically anesthetized levels. We also showed that during the first 300 ms poststimulus, approximately half of the γ power was phase-locked to the flash while the other half
Acknowledgements
This publication is based on work supported by grants from the National Institute of Health, GM-56398, and MH-51358 and from the National Science Foundation, BES-0002945. Special thanks to Senior Engineer Richard Rys for the design and construction of electronic equipment.
References (57)
- et al.
Toward a unified theory of narcosisbrain imaging evidence for a thalamocortical switch as the neurophysiologic basis of anesthetic-induced unconsciousness
Conscious Cogn
(2000) - et al.
In vivo characterization of clinical anaesthesia and its components
Br J Anaesth
(2002) - et al.
Oscillatory gamma activity in humansa possible role for object representation
Int J Psychophysiol
(2000) - et al.
Cellular bases of hippocampal EEG in the behaving rat
Brain Res
(1983) - et al.
Reversible analgesia, atonia, and loss of consciousness on bilateral intracerebral microinjection of pentobarbital
Pain
(2001) - et al.
Synaptic interactions mediating synchrony and oscillations in primate sensorimotor cortex
J Physiol Paris
(2000) - et al.
Quantitative EEG changes associated with loss and return of consciousness in healthy adult volunteers anaesthetized with propofol or sevoflurane
Br J Anaesth
(2001) - et al.
Invariant reversible QEEG effects of anesthetics
Conscious Cogn
(2001) - et al.
High-frequency gamma electroencephalogram activity in association with sleep-wake states and spontaneous behaviors in the rat
Neuroscience
(1997) - et al.
Modulation of induced gamma band activity in the human EEG by attention and visual information processing
Int J Psychophysiol
(2000)
Differentiation between finger, toe and tongue movement in man based on 40 Hz EEG
Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol
Effects of halothane on evoked field potentials recorded from cortical and subcortical nuclei
Neuropharmacology
Anesthetic control of 40-Hz brain activity and implicit memory
Conscious Cogn
Comparison of changes in electroencephalographic measures during induction of general anaesthesiainfluence of the gamma frequency band and electromyogram signal
Br J Anaesth
Oscillatory gamma activity in humans and its role in object representation
Trends Cogn Sci
Are neocortical gamma waves related to consciousness?
Brain Res
Auditory steady-state response and bispectral index for assessing level of consciousness during propofol sedation and hypnosis
Anesth Analg
C R Seances Acad Sci D
On the performance advantage of multitaper spectral analysis
IEEE Trans Signal Proc
Hippocampal GABAergic interneuronsa physiological perspective
Neurochem Res
Neural discharge and local field potential oscillations in primate motor cortex during voluntary movements
J Neurophysiol
Inhaled nonimmobilizers do not alter the middle latency auditory-evoked response of rats
Anesth Analg
Forty-hertz midlatency auditory evoked potential activity predicts wakeful response during desflurane and propofol anesthesia in volunteers
Anesthesiology
Coherent oscillationsa mechanism of feature linking in the visual cortex? Multiple electrode and correlation analyses in the cat
Biol Cybern
Comparison of the EEG effects of midazolam, thiopental, and propofolthe role of underlying oscillatory systems
Neuropsychobiology
Heteromeric nicotinic inhibition by isoflurane does not mediate MAC or loss of righting reflex
Anesthesiology
Modulation of oscillatory neuronal synchronization by selective visual attention
Science
40 Hz Auditory steady-state response and EEG spectral edge frequency during sufentanil anesthesia
Can J Anaesth
Cited by (33)
Non-invasive visual evoked potentials under sevoflurane versus ketamine-xylazine in rats
2021, HeliyonCitation Excerpt :Human subjects can undergo VEP recording in awake state (Holder et al., 2010), whereas small animals, such as rodents, generally need anaesthesia to better control stimuli presentation, avoid movements and minimize external noise sources. Different types of anaesthetics or sedatives have been used to perform VEPs in animals, such as halothane (Imas et al., 2004), sevoflurane (Castoldi et al., 2020), isoflurane (Aggarwal et al., 2019), urethane (Porciatti et al., 1999), ketamine-xylazine (Roth et al., 2018; Land et al., 2019), pentobarbital (Maertz et al., 2006), fentanyl (Kuroda et al., 2009), detomidine (Ström and Ekesten, 2016), chloral hydrate (Siegel et al., 1993), and morphine (Kuroda et al., 2009). The focus of this work is the examination of VEP property changes depending on two types of anaesthesia.
Cortical gamma oscillations: The functional key is activation, not cognition
2013, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral ReviewsCitation Excerpt :Gamma oscillations also occur in the amygdala (Bauer et al., 2007), the thalamus (Arnett, 1975; Bishop et al., 1964; Steriade et al., 1991; Pinault and Deschênes, 1992), the basal ganglia (Brown, 2003; Berke et al., 2004; Popescu et al., 2009), the superior colliculus (Brecht et al., 1998, 2001), the pedunculopontine nucleus (Simon et al., 2010; Ye et al., 2010), the cerebellum (Timofeev and Steriade, 1997) and in the optic tectum and telencephalon of birds (Lewandowski and Schmidt, 2011; Neuenschwander and Varela, 1993). Gamma oscillations are readily recordable in anesthetized preparations (Adrian, 1942; Vanderwolf, 2000; Imas et al., 2004), during slow-wave sleep (Steriade, 1997, p. 586 and Fig. 6), as well as in isolated pieces of cerebral cortex maintained in a tissue-slice bath (Llinas et al., 1991; Buhl et al., 1998). They also occur in profusion during the phase of unconsciousness during recovery from generalized seizures in epileptic patients (Pockett and Holmes, 2009).
Amplitude modulation of gamma band oscillations at alpha frequency produced by photic driving
2006, International Journal of PsychophysiologyIsoflurane disrupts anterio-posterior phase synchronization of flash-induced field potentials in the rat
2006, Neuroscience LettersFunctional hyperemic response in the rat visual cortex under halothane anesthesia
2006, Neuroscience Letters