Original ArticleBarriers to Pain Management among Adolescents with Cancer
Section snippets
Participants
Participants were adolescents recruited through a cancer survey center and from a pediatric oncology clinic, both located in the State of Wisconsin. Inclusion criteria were ages 12-17 years and diagnosed with cancer for at least 1 month. Exclusion criteria were known cognitive disabilities that would interfere with completing the surveys, as well as the participant's or the parent's inability to read and write in English. Among the 174 adolescents who were eligible, 47 were unable to be located
Sample
The mean age of the adolescents was 14.77 years (SD 1.86, range 12-17 years). See Table 1 for sample characteristics. The majority of the adolescents were caucasian (90%) and female (53.3%). The mean length of time diagnosed with cancer was 30.52 months (SD 14.91, range 2-60 months). Leukemia was the most common cancer diagnosis (35%), followed by lymphoma (21.7%) and bone tumors (13.3%). The majority (70%) reported that they had finished treatment for their cancer. Most of the participants
Discussion
The ABQ appears to be a reliable measure of adolescent barriers. The alphas for the total scale were adequate at both time 1 and time 2. Six of the subscales had somewhat low alphas at time 1, but all of these subscales except one had acceptable alphas at time 2. Regarding the stability of the ABQ, the correlation between time 1 and time 2 ABQ total scores was high and, other than the fatalism subscale, the correlations between the subscales at time 1 and time 2 were substantial. These findings
Acknowledgments
The author thanks Sandra Ward, Ronald Serlin, and Sue Hughes for their excellent guidance. She is deeply grateful to the adolescents who participated in the study and to the University of Wisconsin Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Clinic staff for their strong support.
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Supported by Beta-Eta-at-Large Sigma Theta Tau International Chapter (NINR F31NR009324), and the Eckberg Fund Research Award, University of Wisconsin–Madison School of Nursing.