Elsevier

Virology

Volume 396, Issue 2, 20 January 2010, Pages 203-212
Virology

Alternate receptor usage of neuropilin-1 and glucose transporter protein 1 by the human T cell leukemia virus type 1

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2009.10.015Get rights and content
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Abstract

Recent studies have demonstrated that neuropilin 1 (NP-1) is involved in HTLV-1 entry; however, the role NP-1 plays in this process is not understood. We demonstrated that ectopic expression of human NP-1 but not NP-2 cDNA increased susceptibility to HTLV-1. SiRNA-mediated inhibition of NP-1 expression correlated with significant reduction of HTLV-1 Env-mediated fusion. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF165) caused downmodulation of surface NP-1 and inhibited HTLV-1 infection of U87 cells. In contrast, VEGF165 partially inhibited infection of primary astrocytes and had no significant effect on infection of HeLa cells. VEGF165 and antibodies to the glucose transporter protein 1 (anti-GLUT-1) were both needed to block infection of primary astrocytes, however, only anti-GLUT-1 antibodies were sufficient to block infection of HeLa cells. HTLV-1 Env forms complexes with both NP-1 and GLUT-1 in primary human astrocytes. The alternate usage of these two cellular receptors may have important implications regarding HTLV-1 neuro-tropism.

Abbreviations

Env
envelope glycoprotein
Env63
wild type HTLV-1 envelope glycoprotein
Unc63
a cleavage mutant of HTLV-1 Env63 defective in syncytium formation
wt
wild type

Keywords

Virus entry
HTLV-1
Neurotropism
Neuropilin 1

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1

Present address: Department of Neurology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China.